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|Section2= |Section3= }} Chlordane, or chlordan, is an organochlorine compound used as a pesticide. This white solid was sold in the U.S. until 1988 as an insecticide for crops like corn and citrus, and on lawns and domestic gardens.〔Robert L. Metcalf "Insect Control" in ''Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'', Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2002. 〕 Technical grade chlordane is a complex mixture of over 120 structurally related chemical compounds. ==Production, composition and uses== Chlordane is one so-called cyclodiene pesticide, meaning that it is derived from hexachlorocyclopentadiene. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene forms an adduct with cyclopentadiene, and chlorination of this adduct gives predominantly two isomers, α and β, in additional to other products such as ''trans''-nonachlor and heptachlor. The β-isomer is popularly known as gamma and is more bioactive.〔 The mixture that is composed of 147 components is called technical chlordane. Cis-chlordane.svg|''cis''-chlordane (also known as α-chlordane) Trans-chlordane.svg|''trans''-chlordane (also known as γ-chlordane) Trans-nonachlor.svg|''trans''-nonachlor (+)-Heptachlor.svg|(+)-heptachlor It was sold in the United States from 1948 to 1988, both as a dust and an emulsified solution. Because of concern about damage to the environment and harm to human health, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) banned all uses of chlordane in 1983, except termite control. The EPA banned all uses of chlordane in 1988.〔(Pesticides and Breast Cancer Risk: Chlordane ), Fact Sheet #11, March 1998, Program on Breast Cancer and Environmental Risk Factors Cornell University〕 The EPA recommends that children should not drink water with more than 60 parts of chlordane per billion parts of drinking water (60 ppb) for longer than 1 day. EPA has set a limit in drinking water of 2 ppb. Chlordane is very persistent in the environment because it does not break down easily. Recent tests of the air in the residence of U.S. government housing, 32 years after chlordane treatment, showed levels of chlordane and heptachlor 10-15 times the Minimal Risk Levels (20 nanograms/cubic meter of air) published by the Centers for Disease Control. It has an environmental half-life of 10 to 20 years. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chlordane」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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