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Chlorpromazine (CPZ), marketed as the trade name Thorazine and Largactil among others, is an antipsychotic medications. It is primarily used to treat psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. Other uses include the treatment of bipolar disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, nausea and vomiting, anxiety before surgery, and hiccups that do not improve following other measures. It can be given by mouth, by injection into a muscle, or into a vein.〔 Common side effects include movement problems, sleepiness, dry mouth, low blood pressure upon standing, and increased weight. Serious side effects may include the potentially permanent movement disorder tardive dyskinesia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, a low white blood cell levels. In older people with psychosis as a result of dementia it may increase the risk of dying. It is unclear if it is safe for use in pregnancy. Chlorpromazine is in the typical antipsychotic class. It mechanism of action is not entire clear but believed to be related to it ability as a dopamine antagonist. It also has anti-serotonergic and antihistaminergic properties.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.drugs.com/monograph/chlorpromazine-hydrochloride.html )〕 Chlorpromazine was discovered in 1951 and was the first antipsychotic. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most important medication needed in a basic health system. It introduction has been labeled as one of the great advancements in the history of psychiatry. It is available as a generic medication.〔 The wholesale cost is between 0.02 and 0.12 USD per day.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://erc.msh.org/dmpguide/resultsdetail.cfm?language=english&code=CPZ100T&s_year=2014&year=2014&str=100%20mg&desc=Chlorpromazine%20HCl&pack=new&frm=TAB-CAP&rte=PO&class_code2=24%2E1%2E&supplement=&class_name=%2824%2E1%2E%29Medicines%20used%20in%20psychotic%20disorders%3Cbr%3E )〕 In the United States it costs about 2 USD per day.〔 ==Medical uses== Chlorpromazine is classified as a low-potency typical antipsychotic and in the past was used in the treatment of both acute and chronic psychoses, including schizophrenia and the manic phase of bipolar disorder, as well as amphetamine-induced psychoses. Low-potency antipsychotics have more anticholinergic side effects, such as dry mouth, sedation, and constipation, and lower rates of extrapyramidal side effects, while high-potency antipsychotics (such as haloperidol) have the reverse profile.〔 Chlorpromazine has also been used in porphyria and as part of tetanus treatment. It still is recommended for short-term management of severe anxiety and psychotic aggression. Resistant and severe hiccups, severe nausea/emesis, and preanesthetic conditioning are other uses.〔 Symptoms of delirium in medically-hospitalized AIDS patients have been effectively treated with low doses of chlorpromazine. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chlorpromazine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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