|
|Section2= |Section3= |Section4= |Section5= |Section6= |Section7= |Section8= }} Chlorpyrifos (IUPAC name: ''O'',''O''-diethyl ''O''-3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl phosphorothioate) is a crystalline organophosphate insecticide. It was introduced in 1965 by Dow Chemical Company and is known by many trade names (see table), including Dursban and Lorsban. It acts on the nervous system of insects by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase. Chlorpyrifos is moderately toxic to humans, and exposure has been linked to neurological effects, persistent developmental disorders, and autoimmune disorders. Exposure during pregnancy retards the mental development of children, and most use in homes has been banned since 2001 in the U.S. In agriculture, it remains "one of the most widely used organophosphate insecticides", according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Reregistration Eligibility Decision for Chlorpyrifos )〕 ==Manufacture and its uses== Chlorpyrifos is produced via a multistep synthesis from 3-methylpyridine, eventually reacting 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol with diethylthiophosphoryl chloride. Chlorpyrifos is used around the world to control pest insects in agricultural, residential, and commercial settings, although its use in certain residential applications has been restricted in several countries. According to the Dow Chemical Company, chlorpyrifos is registered for use in nearly 100 countries and is applied to approximately 8.5 million crop acres each year. The crops with the most intense chlorpyrifos use are cotton, corn, almonds, and fruit trees including oranges, bananas and apples.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=NASS Agricultural Chemical Database )〕 The U.S. EPA estimated that between 1987 and 1998 about 21 million pounds of chlorpyrifos were used in the United States each year. In 2007, chlorpyrifos was the most commonly used organophosphate pesticide in the United States, with an estimated 8 to 11 million pounds applied. Chlorpyrifos is normally supplied as a 23.5% or 50% liquid concentrate. The recommended concentration for direct-spray pin point application is 0.5% and for wide area application a 0.03 – 0.12% mix is recommended (US).〔http://www.cdms.net/ldat/ld0AT004.pdf〕〔http://www.farmoz.com.au/label/farmoz/STRIKE_OUT_500WP_16103844.pdf〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chlorpyrifos」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|