|
Chrastava ((:ˈxrastava); (ドイツ語:Kratzau)) is a town in northern Bohemia in the Czech Republic about 10 kilometre (6 mi) northwest of the regional capital Liberec. The town is situated on the Jeřice brook near to its confluence with the Lusatian Neisse ((チェコ語:Lužická Nisa)). Chrastava is surrounded by hills of the Ještěd Mountains and more distant Jizera Mountains. At the end of 2012 built a thermal bath ==History of the town of Chrastava== The town of Chrastava was first mentioned in 1351 as ''Craczauia''. It was founded very probably in the end of the 13th century on the site of an older village of the West Slavic Milceni tribe by German settlers, having been invited by King Ottokar II of Bohemia. They came mainly from the city Pirna in Saxony. Chrastava, then known mostly by the German name Kratzau, was occupied by the Hussites who use the town as a base for expeditions into Lusatia during the Hussite Wars. Kratzau was governed by the Habsburg Monarchy after Bohemia was inherited by the Austrian Habsburgs in 1526. It received town rights in 1527. The town became a mining centre in 15th and 16th century, in particularly in copper, tin, lead, zinc, iron and silver mining. Two small mining towns, Andělská Hora ((ドイツ語:Engelsberg)) and Panenská Hůrka ((ドイツ語:Frauenberg)), were established by the miners more closely to the metal veins. After the mines were abandoned, many of the people were forced to find a new kind of livelihood. Therefore they started to produce cloth on a loom in many houses in the town. During the 19th century the handicraft industry succumbed to mass production by many textile manufactures that had been built in the town. During the second half of the 19th century Kratzau became famous also for its production of organs and other musical instruments which were exported abroad (e.g. Gebrüder Riemer Kratzau company). Kratzau became part of Czechoslovakia after the collapse of Austria-Hungary from World War I and was officially renamed Chrastava. The town was almost entirely ethnic German, however, and was ceded to Nazi Germany along with the rest of the Sudetenland after the Munich Agreement in 1938. During World War II an ammunition factory was founded in Chrastava which produced hand grenades and other military material for the armed forces of Germany. A subcamp of the Gross-Rosen concentration camp was set up near the factory for Jewish women, who were exploited for forced labour. After the expulsion of Germans after World War II in 1945-1947, Chrastava was resettled mainly by Czechs, along with Slovaks, Roma, and other nationalities. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chrastava」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|