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Chronic venous insufficiency or CVI is a medical condition where the veins cannot pump enough blood back to the heart.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Chronic Venous Insufficiency )〕 The most common cause of CVI is superficial venous reflux which is a treatable condition. As functional venous valves are required to provide for efficient blood return from the lower extremities, this condition typically affects the legs. If the impaired vein function causes significant symptoms, such as edema and ulceration, it is referred to as chronic venous disease. CVI includes varicose veins and superficial venous reflux ("hidden varicose veins") It is sometimes called ''chronic peripheral venous insufficiency'' and should not be confused with post-thrombotic syndrome in which the deep veins have been damaged by previous deep vein thrombosis. Most people with CVI can be improved with treatments to the superficial venous system or stenting the deep system. Varicose veins for example can now be treated by local anaesthetic endovenous surgery. Men and women are not affected equally since the prevalence is far higher in women. The Tampere study, which examined the epidemiology of varicose veins in a large cohort of 3284 men and 3590 women, demonstrated that the prevalence of varicose veins in men and women was 18% and 42%, respectively. The condition has been known since ancient times and Hippocrates used bandaging to treat it. ==Signs and symptoms== Signs and symptoms of CVI in the leg include the following: * Varicose veins * Itching (pruritus) * Hyperpigmentation * Phlebetic lymphedema * Chronic swelling of the legs and ankles * Venous ulceration CVI in the leg may cause the following: * Venous stasis * Ulcers. * Stasis dermatitis,〔 also known as varicose eczema * Contact dermatitis.〔 Patients with venous insufficiency have a disrupted epidermal barrier, making them more susceptible than the general population to contact sensitization and subsequent dermatitis. * Atrophie blanche.〔 This is an end point of a variety of conditions, appears as atrophic plaques of ivory white skin with telangiectasias. It is a late sequelae of lipodermatosclerosis where the skin has lost its nutrient blood flow. * Lipodermatosclerosis.〔 This is an indurated plaque in the medial malleolus. * Malignancy.〔 Malignant degeneration is a rare but important complication of venous disease since tumors which develop in the setting of an ulcer tend to be more aggressive. * Pain.〔 Pain is a feature of venous disease often overlooked and commonly undertreated. * Anxiety.〔 * Depression.〔 * Inflammation * Discoloration * Skin thickening * Cellulitis 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chronic venous insufficiency」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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