|
Chrysocheir ((ギリシア語:Χρυσόχειρ)), also known as Chrysocheres, Chrysocheris, or Chrysocheiros (Χρυσόχερης/Χρυσόχερις/Χρυσόχειρος), all meaning "goldhand", was the last leader of the Paulician principality of Tephrike from 863 to 872. ==Biography== According to the Byzantine chroniclers, Chrysocheir was a nephew of the Paulician leader Karbeas. According to Peter the Sicilian, he was even Karbeas "nephew and son-in-law", indicating that he had married his first cousin, a practice strongly condemned by the Byzantine Church. Following the anti-Paulician pogrom launched in 843 by Empress-regent Theodora, Karbeas and many of his followers had fled to the Muslim border emirates and established an independent principality centred on Tephrike. Karbeas led the Paulicians in wars against Byzantium on the side of the Muslims until his death in 863. Nothing is known of Chrysocheir's early life before his succession of his uncle. Like him, Chrysocheir may in his youth have served in the Byzantine army. A steadfast enemy of Byzantium, Chrysocheir led several raids deep into Byzantine territory even up to the western coasts and the vicinity of Nicaea, Nicomedia, and Ephesus. In the latter, he is reported to have desecrated the Church of Saint John the Evangelist by stabling his horses there. Emperor Basil I the Macedonian sent envoys to offer peace in 869/70, but the offer was rejected by Chrysocheir, who allegedly demanded that the emperor should vacate the eastern half of his territories in Asia Minor first. It is very likely that the embassy was led by Peter the Sicilian, who reports that he spent nine months in Tephrike at about the same time trying to arrange the release of high-ranking prisoners of war, although this is rejected by some modern scholars. In 871, Basil himself led an attack on Tephrike, but failed to take the city and withdrew. In 872/3, however, the Domestic of the Schools Christopher led another campaign that scored a decisive victory against the Paulicians at the Battle of Bathys Ryax. During the battle, Chrysocheir was killed by a common soldier called Poullades. His severed head was sent back to Constantinople, where Basil reportedly shot at it with his bow, sticking three arrows into it. It was not until six years later, however, that Tephrike itself fell, putting an end to the Paulician principality. Some modern scholars however date the defeat and death of Chrysocheir on the same year as the fall of Tephrike (i.e. 878/9). It is commonly regarded that the memory of Chrysocheir survived in the Byzantine epic poem ''Digenes Akritas'' in the form of "Chrysoberges" (Χρυσοβέργης), the Muslim paternal grandfather of the eponymous hero. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chrysocheir」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|