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, commonly shortened to is a famous set of four picture scrolls, or ''emakimono'', belonging to Kōzan-ji temple in Kyoto, Japan. The ''Chōjū-giga'' scrolls are also referred to as ''Scrolls of Frolicking Animals'' and ''Scrolls of Frolicking Animals and Humans'' in English. Some think that Toba Sōjō created the scrolls; however, it seems clear from the style that more than one artist is involved.〔Paine and Soper, 139〕 The right-to-left reading direction of ''Chōjū-jinbutsu-giga '' is still a standard method seen in modern manga and novels in Japan. ''Chōjū-jinbutsu-giga '' is also credited as the oldest work of manga. The scrolls are now entrusted to the Kyoto National Museum and Tokyo National Museum. The scrolls are the earliest in a linear monochrome drawing style that was to continue in use in Japanese painting (as they are all done with the usual writing and painting brush, they count as painting).〔Paine and Soper, 139-140〕 As opened, the first scroll illustrates anthropomorphic rabbits and monkeys bathing and getting ready for a ceremony, a monkey thief runs from animals with sticks and knocks over a frog from the lively ceremony. Further on, the rabbits and monkeys are playing and wrestling while another group of animals participate in a funeral and frog prays to Buddha as the scroll closes. The scrolls were also adapted into several novels published by Geijutsuhiroba, the first book simply compiled the scrolls into one publication, now out of print. One of the books participated as part of the company's ''Fine Arts Log'' series as well as some were exclusive to certain exhibitions. Other companies like Misuzu Shobo and Shibundō also published books based on the ''Chōjū-jinbutsu-giga'' emakimono. Although ''Chōjū-jinbutsu-giga'' is sometimes credited as the first manga, there have been some disputes with the ''Yomiuri Shimbun'' newspaper. Seiki Hosokibara pointed to the ''Shigisan-engi'' scrolls as the first manga, and Kanta Ishida explained that the scrolls should be treated as masterpieces in their own right. == History == The ''Chōjū-jinbutsu-giga'' emakimono, belonging to the Kōzan-ji temple in Kyoto, Japan as an ancient cultural property,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=''Emaki'' Unrolled: Master Works of Illustrated Narrative Handscrolls )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Kozan - ji Temple )〕 are usually thought to have been painted in the mid-12th century, whereas the third and fourth scrolls may well date from the 13th century.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Choju-Giga )〕〔Paine and Soper, 139-140〕 Most think Toba Sōjō created ''Chōjū-jinbutsu-giga'', who created a painting a lot like ''Chōjū-jinbutsu-giga'',〔 however it is hard to verify this claim. The drawings of ''Chōjū-jinbutsu-giga'' are making fun of Japanese priests in the creator's time period, characterising them as toads, rabbits and monkeys. ''Chōjū-jinbutsu-giga'' is read and rolled out from right to left which can still be seen in manga and Japanese books. ''Chōjū-jinbutsu-giga'' is credited as being the oldest work of manga in Japan, and is a national treasure as well as many Japanese animators believe it is also the origin of Japanese animated movies.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Discovering the Origins of Animé in Ancient Japanese Art )〕 In ''Chōjū-jinbutsu-giga'' the animals were drawn with very expressive faces and also sometimes used "speed lines", a technique used in manga til this day.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Ancient Roots of Manga: The Choju Giga Scrolls )〕 Emakimono like ''Chōjū-jinbutsu-giga'' and many others barely were seen in the public until they made their way into popular culture, with many common people imitating the style. Emakimono emerged very popular in the city of Ōtsu, Shiga, and being dubbed ''Ōtsu-e'' after its popularity in the city around the 17th century. The first two scrolls are entrusted to the Tokyo National Museum, and the second two are entrusted to the Kyoto National Museum. The scrolls currently on display at Kōzan-ji are reproductions.〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chōjū-jinbutsu-giga」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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