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Chōnindō
emerged as a way of life of the during the Edo period of Japanese history. It was a distinct culture that arose in cities such as Osaka, Kyoto, and Edo. It encouraged aspiration to ''bushidō'' (way of the warrior) qualities—diligence, honesty, honor, loyalty, and frugality—while blending Shinto, Neo-Confucian, and Buddhist beliefs. Study of mathematics, astronomy, cartography, engineering, and medicine were also encouraged. Emphasis was placed on quality of workmanship, especially in the arts. For the first time, urban populations had the means and leisure time to support a new mass culture. Their search for enjoyment became known as ''ukiyo'' (the floating world), an ideal world of fashion and popular entertainment. Professional female entertainers (''geisha''), music, popular stories, ''Kabuki'' and ''bunraku'' (puppet theater), poetry, a rich literature, and art, exemplified by beautiful woodblock prints (known as ''ukiyo-e''), were all part of this flowering of culture. Literature also flourished with the talented examples of the playwright Chikamatsu Monzaemon (1653 – 1724) and the haiku poet, essayist, and travel writer Matsuo Bashō (1644 – 94).
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Chōnindō」の詳細全文を読む
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