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Ciboney
The Ciboney or Siboney were a Taíno people of Cuba. A Western Taíno group living in central Cuba during the 15th and 16th centuries, their dialect and culture was distinct from the Classic Taíno inhabiting the eastern part of the island, though much of the Ciboney territory was under the control of the eastern chiefs. Confusion in the historical sources led 20th-century scholars to apply the name "Ciboney" to the non-Taíno Guanahatabey of western Cuba and various archaic cultures around the Caribbean, though this use is deprecated.
==Overview==
At the time of Spanish colonization, the Ciboney were the most populous group in Cuba. They inhabited the central part of the island, between eastern Pinar del Río Province and western Oriente Province.〔Granberry and Vescelius, p. 20, 23.〕 Bartolomé de las Casas, who lived among the Ciboney in the early 16th century, related that their dialect and culture was similar to that of the Lucayans of the present-day Bahamas.〔Granberry and Vescelius, p. 20.〕 As such, scholars classify the Ciboney as a Western Taíno group, associating them with the peoples of the Bahamas, Jamaica, and westernmost Hispaniola, while distinguishing them from the Classic Taíno of eastern Cuba, most of Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico.〔Granberry and Vescelius, p. 9, 21.〕 In addition to the Classic Taíno in eastern Cuba, the Ciboney shared the island with the Guanahatabey, an archaic people inhabiting western Pinar del Río Province.〔Granberry and Vescelius, pp. 18–19.〕 The Ciboney spoke a dialect of the Taíno language known as Ciboney Taíno; it was distinct from, but mutually intelligible with, Classic Taíno.〔Granberry and Vescelius, p. 21.〕
The Ciboney were the dominant population in Cuba until around 1450.〔Granberry and Vescelius, pp. 20–21.〕 Las Casas states that unlike the highly organized Classic Taíno to the east, the Ciboney had no integrated chiefdoms or wider political structure.〔Granberry and Vescelius, p. 9.〕 In the mid-15th century, Classic Taíno from Hispaniola began migrating into eastern Cuba, overcoming the native Ciboney. These "Cuban Taíno" established chiefdoms concentrated in Oriente Province, though they established settlements as far west as Havana Province.〔 However, the Cuban Taíno never established an island-wide political structure as existed in Hispaniola and Puerto Rico.〔 Classic Taíno migration from Hispaniola to Cuba increased after Spanish contact, with many Taíno leaving to escape the Spanish incursion. Notably, Hispaniola Taíno chief Hatuey fled to Cuba with most of his people; he remained there until the Spanish captured and executed him.〔 Following the Spanish conquest of Cuba in 1511 under Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar, the population of all native groups declined precipitously until they had disappeared as distinct groups by the end of the century.〔Saunders, p. xvii.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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