|
In antiquity, Cilicia ()〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/cilicia )〕 or less often Kilikia ((アルメニア語:Կիլիկիա); (ギリシア語:Κιλικία); Middle Persian: ''Klikiyā'', Parthian: ''Kilikiyā'', (トルコ語:Kilikya)), was the south coastal region of Asia Minor. It existed as a political entity from Hittite times into the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia and Byzantine Empire. Cilicia extends inland from the southeastern coast of modern Turkey, due north and northeast of the island of Cyprus. Cilicia corresponds to the modern region of Çukurova in Turkey. ==Geography and nomenclature== Cilicia extended along the Mediterranean coast east from Pamphylia, to the Amanus Mountains, which separated it from Syria. North and east of Cilicia lie the rugged Taurus Mountains that separate it from the high central plateau of Anatolia, which are pierced by a narrow gorge, called in antiquity the Cilician Gates.〔Ramsay, William Mitchell (1908) ''The Cities of St. Paul Their Influence on His Life and Thought: The cities of Eastern Asia Minor'' A.C. Armstrong, New York, (page 112 ), 〕〔Baly, Denis and Tushingham, A. D. (1971) ''Atlas of the Biblical world'' World Publishing Company, New York, page 148, 〕 Ancient Cilicia was naturally divided into Cilicia Trachaea and Cilicia Pedias by the Lamus river. Salamis, the city on the east coast of Cyprus, was included in its administrative jurisdiction. The Greeks invented for Cilicia an eponymous Hellene founder in the purely mythic Cilix, but the historic〔Edwards, I. E. S. (editor) (2006) ''The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 2, Part 2, History of the Middle East and the Aegean Region c. 1380–1000 B.C.'' (3rd edition) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, (page 680 ), ISBN 0-521-08691-4〕 founder of the dynasty that ruled ''Cilicia Pedias'' was Mopsus,〔〔Fox, Robin Lane (2009) ''Travelling Heroes: In the Epic Age of Homer'' Alfred A. Knopf, , New York, (pages 211-224 ), ISBN 978-0-679-44431-2〕 identifiable in Phoenician sources as ''Mpš'',〔Fox, Robin Lane (2009) ''Travelling Heroes: In the Epic Age of Homer'' Alfred A. Knopf, , New York, (page 216 ), ISBN 978-0-679-44431-2〕〔Edwards, I. E. S. (editor) (2006) ''The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 2, Part 2, History of the Middle East and the Aegean Region c. 1380–1000 B.C.'' (3rd edition) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, (page 364 ), ISBN 0-521-08691-4〕 the founder of Mopsuestia〔〔Smith, William (1891) ''A Classical Dictionary of Biography, Mythology, and Geography based on the Larger Dictionaries'' (21st edition) J. Murry, London, (page 456 ), 〕 who gave his name to an oracle nearby.〔 Homer mentions the people of Mopsus, identified as Cilices (Κίλικες), as from the Troad in the northernwesternmost part of the Anatolian peninsula. The English spelling ''Cilicia'' is the same as the Latin, as it was transliterated directly from the Greek form Κιλικία. The palatalization of c occurring in the west in later Vulgar Latin (c. 500–700) accounts for its modern pronunciation in English. Cilicia Trachea ("rugged Cilicia"—Greek: Κιλικία Τραχεία; the Assyrian ''Khilakku'' or ''Khilikku,'' also sometimes transcribed as ''Hilakku'' or ''Hilikku,'' classical "Cilicia")〔Sayce, A. H. (October 1922) "The Decipherment of the Hittite Hieroglyphic Texts" ''The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland'' 4: pp. 537–572, page 554〕〔Edwards, I. E. S. (editor) (2006) ''The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 2, Part 2, History of the Middle East and the Aegean Region c. 1380–1000 B.C.'' (3rd edition) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, (page 422 ), ISBN 0-521-08691-4〕〔Toynbee, Arnold Joseph and Myers, Edward DeLos (1961) ''A Study of History, Volume 7'' Oxford University Press, Oxford, England, page 668, 〕 is a rugged mountain district〔In general see: Bean, George Ewart and Mitford, Terence Bruce (1970) ''Journeys in Rough Cilicia, 1964–1968'' (Volume 102 of Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse.Denkschriften) Böhlau in Komm., Vienna, ISBN 3-205-04279-4〕 formed by the spurs of Taurus, which often terminate in rocky headlands with small sheltered harbors,〔Rife, Joseph L. (2002) "Officials of the Roman Provinces in Xenophon's "Ephesiaca"" ''Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik'' 138: pp. 93–108 , page 96〕 a feature which, in classical times, made the coast a string of havens for pirates〔〔See also the history of Side (Σίδη).〕 and, in the Middle Ages, outposts for Genoese and Venetian traders. The district is watered by the Calycadnus〔Wainwright, G. A. (April 1956) "Caphtor - Cappadocia" ''Vetus Testamentum'' 6(2): pp. 199–210, pages 205–206〕 and was covered in ancient times by forests that supplied timber to Phoenicia and Egypt. Cilicia lacked large cities. Cilicia Pedias ("flat Cilicia"—Greek: Κιλικία Πεδιάς; Assyrian ''Kue''), to the east, included the rugged spurs of Taurus and a large coastal plain, with rich loamy soil, known to the Greeks such as Xenophon, who passed through with his 10,000 Greek mercenaries,〔Xenophon, ''Anabasis'' 1.2.22, noted the sesame and millet.〕 for its abundance (''euthemia''),〔Remarked by Robin Lane Fox, ''Travelling Heroes in the Epic Age of Homer'', 2008:73 and following pages〕 filled with sesame and millet and olives〔The modern plain has added cotton fields and orange groves.〕 and pasturage for the horses imported by Solomon.〔1 Kings 10:28, noted by Fox 2008:75 note 15.〕 Many of its high places were fortified. The plain is watered by the three great rivers, the Cydnus (Tarsus Çay), the Sarus (Seyhan) and the Pyramus (Ceyhan), each of which brings down much silt from the deforested interior and which fed extensive wetlands. The Sarus now enters the sea almost due south of Tarsus, but there are clear indications that at one period it joined the Pyramus, and that the united rivers ran to the sea west of Kara-tash. Through the rich plain of Issus ran the great highway that linked east and west, on which stood the cities of Tarsus (Tarsa) on the Cydnus, Adana (Adanija) on the Sarus, and Mopsuestia (Missis) on the Pyramus. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cilicia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|