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Cipanas ( ) is the administrative village of Cipanas District, in the northern part of the Cianjur Regency, West Java, Indonesia. It is situated in the valley of Mount Gede, south-east of the Indonesian capital city of Jakarta. The name of the village means "hot water" or "hot spring" in Sundanese (''ci'', water, ''panas'', hot), due to the presence of sulphuric hot springs in the area. The village had a population of 15,435 at the 2010 Census (the district held a population of 103,911). It is best known by the Istana Cipanas complex, a residence for former Dutch Governor Generals of the Dutch East Indies, and also a country retreat of former President Sukarno at Istana Cipanas. Since the Dutch colonial rule, and before the Enhanced Indonesian Spelling System was established, the village name name was spelled ''Tjipanas''. ==History== The area already had a history of village dwellers since Sunda Kingdom and Banten Sultanate, long before the time the Presidential Palace was erected by a Dutch landlord named Van Heots in 1740. Out of interest in the local hot springs, during the administration of Dutch East India Company Governor General Gustaaf Willem van Imhoff (1743-1750),〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Cipanas, Istana )〕 a health building was constructed near a hot spring. The reputation of the area for clean, fresh and cool mountain air led to the building being made into a resort for the Dutch Governor Generals. From 1744 to 1761 a ''Buitenhospitaal'' (''outdoor hospital'' or ''villa-hospital'') existed in Cipanas. It was a kind of Spa that served as a health-resort. The wooden hospital was built on a hillside surrounded by woods and valleys. It was staffed by a chief surgeon (''opper-chirurgijn'') and a second in charge surgeon (''onder-chirurgijn''). The building had two floors, a covered walkway, a bathhouse and a pharmacy and was in demand by many sick people, or inmates of the hospital. However to arrive in the mountains people took a difficult and strenuous journey of 4 days and the capacity of the hospital was too small to become a relief for patients. By Resolution of 30 June 1761, the resort-hospital was then closed. The palace was used by Commissioner-General Leonard Pietr Josef du Bus de Gisignies, his secretary Carel Sirardus Willem Graaf van Hogendorp (1820-1841), Herman Willem Daendels (1808-1811) and Stamford Raffles, who would later become the founder of colonial Singapore. During their terms, they employed hundreds of workers in plantations around the palace.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cipanas」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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