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Civil registry
Civil registration is the system by which a government records the vital events of its citizens and residents. The resulting repository or database is called civil register or registry, or population registry. The primary purpose of civil registration is to create legal documents that are used to establish and protect the civil rights of individuals. A secondary purpose is to create a data source for the compilation of vital statistics. In most countries, there is a legal requirement to notify the relevant authority of any life event which affects the registry. The first nation to establish a nationwide register over its population was Sweden in 1631. This register was organized by the Church of Sweden but on the demand of The Crown.
The United Nations defines civil registration as "the continuous, permanent, compulsory and universal recording of the occurrence and characteristics of vital events pertaining to the population as provided through decree or regulation in accordance with the legal requirements of a country. Civil registration is carried out primarily for the purpose of establishing the legal documents provided by the law. These records are also a main source of vital statistics. Complete coverage, accuracy and timeliness of civil registration are essential for quality vital statistics.〔(United Nations Statistics Division: Civil registration systems )〕
Vital events that are typically recorded include live birth, death, foetal death, marriage, divorce, annulment of marriage, judicial separation of marriage, adoption, legitimization and recognition.〔( United Nations Handbook on Training in Civil Registration and Vital Statistics Systems (PDF, 33.5MB) )〕 Among the legal documents that are derived from civil registration are birth certificates, death certificates, and marriage certificates. A family register is a type of civil register which is more concerned with events within the family unit and is common in Continental European and Asian countries, such as Germany (''ドイツ語:Familienbuch''), France, Spain, Russia (''Propiska''), China (''Hukou''), Japan (''Koseki''), and North and South Korea (''Hoju'').
Additionally, in some countries, immigration, emigration, and any change of residence may require notification. A register of residents is a type of civil register primarily concerned with the current residence.
==Countries==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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