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The ''Ciyuan'' or ''Tz'u-yüan'' is the earliest modern encyclopedic Chinese phrase dictionary. The Commercial Press published the first edition ''Ciyuan'' in 1915, and reissued it in various formats, including a 1931 supplement, and a fully revised 1979-1984 edition. ==Contents and significance== In terms of Chinese lexicography, the ''Ciyuan'' is a ''cidian'' ( "word/phrase dictionary") for spoken expressions, as opposed to a ''zidian'' (, lit. "character/logograph dictionary") for written Chinese characters. The title word ''ciyuan'' 辭源 – which combines ''ci'' 辭 "take leave; decline; diction; phrase; word" and ''yuan'' 源 "source; cause; origin" – is an old variant for ''ciyuan'' 詞源 "word origin; etymology", usually written with ''ci'' 詞 "word; term; speech". The ''Ciyuan'' has been popular with Chinese intellectuals. For example, (Reed 2011:3), during the Chinese Civil War, Mao Zedong carried two modern dictionaries, the ''Ciyuan'' and the ''Cihai''. The lexicographer Reinhard Hartmann (2003:16) predicts that the revised ''Ciyuan'' "should remain a basic research tool for all students of China's pre-modern literature and history for many years to come." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ciyuan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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