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Clonaid
Clonaid is an American-based human cloning organization, registered as a company in the Bahamas. Founded in 1997, it has philosophical ties with the UFO religion Raëlism, which sees cloning as the first step in achieving immortality. On December 27, 2002, Clonaid's chief executive, Brigitte Boisselier, claimed that a baby clone, named Eve, was born. Media coverage of the claim sparked serious criticism and ethical debate that lasted more than a year. Florida attorney Bernard Siegel tried to appoint a special guardian for Eve and threatened to sue Clonaid, because he was afraid that the child might be treated like a lab rat.〔(Clone Newcomer Bends U.N.'s Ear ), ''Wired News''. Retrieved 11 September 2007.〕 Siegel, who heard the company's actual name was not Clonaid, decided that the Clonaid project was a sham.〔(Clonaid Nothing But Double Talk? ), ''CBS News''. 2 June 2003. Retrieved 9 September 2007.〕 Bioethicist Clara Alto condemned Clonaid for premature human experimentation and noted the high incidence of malformations and fetal deaths in animal cloning.〔
==Company founding==
On May 31, 1997, an issue of the popular science magazine, ''New Scientist'' said that the International Raëlian Movement was starting a company to fund the research and development of human cloning. This alarmed bioethicists who were opposed to such plans. They warned lawmakers against failing to regulate human cloning. At the time, European countries such as Britain had banned human cloning, but the United States had merely a moratorium on the use of federal funds for human cloning research. U.S. President Bill Clinton requested that private companies pass their own moratorium. Claude Vorilhon, the founder of Raëlism, was opposed to this move and denied that the technology used to clone was inherently dangerous.〔Cohen, Philip, (Cult's bizarre vision rekindles cloning debate ), ''New Scientist''. 31 May 1997. Retrieved 9 September 2007.〕
On June 15, 1998, Brigitte Boisselier said the headquarters of Clonaid was located in Las Vegas and that Clonaid did not have enough funds for human cloning research.〔(Is cloning Spot the next step towards cloning human being? Clonaid betting on it ), ''Transplant News''. 15 June 1998. Retrieved 9 September 2007. (''(highlight)'' )〕 On December 19, 1998, a ''New Scientist'' article said the cost of Clonaid cloning services would be $200,000, much lower than the $2.3 million that researchers at Texas A&M University planned to use for cloning a dog named Missy. Mainstream scientists said it was unlikely that Clonaid would be able to clone anything in the near future.〔(From little seeds… ), ''New Scientist''. 19 December 1998. Retrieved 9 September 2007.〕 Although the project's ultimate objective was human cloning, Boisselier said that pet cloning would help finance the operations.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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