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Co-regulation (or coregulation) is a term used in psychology, defined most broadly as a "continuous unfolding of individual action that is susceptible to being continuously modified by the continuously changing actions of the partner." An important aspect of this idea is that co-regulation cannot be reduced down to the behaviors or experiences of the individuals involved in the interaction.〔Butler, E. A., & Randall, A. K. (2013). Emotional Coregulation in Close Relationships. Emotion Review, 5(2), 202–210. http://doi.org/10.1177/1754073912451630〕 The interaction is a result of each participant repeatedly regulating the behavior of the other. It is a continuous and dynamic process, rather than the exchange of discrete information.〔Fogel, A., & Garvey, A. (2007). Alive communication. Infant Behavior and Development, 30(2), 251–257. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2007.02.007〕 Co-regulation is often applied in the context of emotions. In this sense, the emotions of each individual within a dyad are constantly in flux, depending on the emotions and behaviors of the partner. If emotion co-regulation is in effect, the result will be a decrease in overall emotional distress. A working definition of emotion co-regulation has been offered as “a bidirectional linkage of oscillating emotional channels between partners, which contributes to emotional stability for both partners.”〔 Emotion co-regulation is thoroughly studied in the context of early emotional development, often between infants and caregivers. It has also been studied in adult interpersonal interactions, with an emphasis on close, romantic relationships. One important note regarding co-regulation is that there may be an imbalance within the dyad, such that one member is more actively regulating the behavior of the other. The following is an example of co-regulation between a mother and her infant, from ''Emotional development: The organization of emotional life in the early years.'' This scenario exemplifies a mother maintaining her infant’s engagement via variations in her voice, facial expressions, and body language. She sensitively elicits behaviors from the infant and adds more stimulation when appropriate. Likewise, the infant indicates and maintains the mutual engagement with her own facial expressions, vocalizations, and body language. “Hello there pumpkin . . . Mommy's comin' to get you. Yes, she is. (pause. ) Momma's gonna get you and tickle you. What do you think of that? (pause. ) Come on. Come on, you little sweetie. Let me see that smile. Humm? () Yeah, that's right . . . thaaaat's right. (infant exhibits a big smile with bobbing head, and mother responds in kind, then says, ) Oh, well now, are you gonna say somethin'? Are ya? (mother nodding head, widening eyes. ) Come on! () Come on! (baby begins cycling movements of the arms and kicking the feet. ) Come on. (out, then longer pause. ) Yeah! (the baby bursts forth with a gurgling sound, the caregiver then laughs and hugs the baby ).”〔 ==Proposed criteria for co-regulation== Despite a history of studies on co-regulation, researchers have lacked a clear, operational definition of co-regulation. In a review of emotional co-regulation in close relationships, Butler and Randall proposed the following three criteria for determining the presence of co-regulation:〔 #Bidirectional linkage of emotional channels: #:Both partners’ emotions will influence each other in a recursive pattern of mutual regulation. Critically, this effect will be supported by statistical tests for dependence. #Morphostatic oscillating emotional channels: #:The level of emotional arousal within each member will stay within the range of stable, comfortable arousal (mildly negative to fairly positive). If the dyad becomes too emotionally aroused without a subsequent return to emotional calm, this would be a failure to co-regulate. Morphostatic oscillation is in contrast to morphogenic oscillation, which results in an elevated emotional state for one or both partners. Examples of morphogenic oscillation includes emotion contagion, transmission, and negative reciprocity during conflicts. #Co-regulation will contribute to emotional and physiological allostasis for both partners. #:A close relationship partner (e.g., caregiver, spouse) will be sensitive to one’s emotional distress, and mere proximity to that partner will automatically lead to reductions in distress. In contrast, proximity to a stranger when faced with a stressor may also lead to reductions in distress, but it will not manifest in a bidirectional pattern. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Co-regulation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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