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Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), also known as co-trimoxazole among other names, is an antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.drugs.com/monograph/co-trimoxazole.html )〕 It consists of one part trimethoprim to five parts sulfamethoxazole.〔 It is used for urinary tract infections, MRSA skin infections, travelers' diarrhea, respiratory tract infections, and cholera, among others.〔〔 It may be used both to treat and prevent pneumocystis pneumonia in people with HIV/AIDS. It can be given by mouth or intravenously.〔
Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, rash, and diarrhea. Severe allergic reactions and Clostridium difficile diarrhea may occasionally occur. Its use near the end of pregnancy is not recommended.〔 It appears to be okay during breastfeeding as long as the baby is healthy.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim.html )〕 TMP/SMX generally results in bacterial death. It works by stopping the metabolism of folate.〔
TMP/SMX was first sold in 1974. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system. It is available as a generic medication and is not very expensive. In the United States it is about 0.40 USD per dose.〔
==Medical uses==
Co-trimoxazole was claimed to be more effective than either of its components individually in treating bacterial infections, although this was later disputed. Because it has a higher incidence of adverse effects, including allergic responses, its use has been restricted in many countries to very specific circumstances where its improved efficacy has been demonstrated. It may be effective in a variety of upper and lower respiratory tract infections, renal and urinary tract infections, gastrointestinal tract infections, skin and wound infections, septicaemias, and other infections caused by sensitive organisms. The global problem of advancing antimicrobial resistance has led to a renewed interest in the use of co-trimoxazole more recently.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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