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Cochinchina ((ベトナム語:Nam Kỳ), , ) is a region encompassing the southern third of Vietnam whose principal city is Saigon or Prey Nokor in Khmer. It was a French colony from 1862 to 1954. The later state of South Vietnam was created in 1954 by combining Cochinchina with southern Annam. In Vietnamese, the region is called ''Nam Bộ''. Historically, it was ''Gia Định'' (1779–1832), ''Nam Kỳ'' (1834–1945), ''Nam Bộ'' (1945–48), ''Nam phần'' (1948–56), ''Nam Việt'' (1956–75), and later ''Miền Nam.'' In French, it was called ''la colonie de Cochinchine''. In the 17th century, Vietnam was divided between the Trịnh lords to the north and the Nguyễn lords to the south. The northern section was called Tonkin by Europeans, and the southern part called Cochinchina by most Europeans and ''Quinam'' by the Dutch. During the French colonial period, the label moved further south, and came to refer to the southernmost part of Vietnam, controlled by Cambodia in prior centuries, and lying to its southeast. Its capital was at Saigon. The two other parts of Vietnam at the time were known as Annam and Tonkin. ==Background== (詳細は) Advance") by Vietnamese historians. Vietnam (then known as Đại Việt) nearly doubled its territory in 1470 under the great king Lê Thánh Tông, at the expense of Champa. The next two hundred years was a time of territorial consolidation and civil war with only gradual expansion south. In 1516, Portuguese traders sailing from Malacca landed in Da Nang, Champa, and established a presence there. They named the area "Cochim-China", borrowing the first part from the Malay ''Kuchi'', which referred to all of Vietnam, and which in turn derived from the Chinese ''Jiāozhǐ'', pronounced ''Giao Chỉ'' in Vietnam.〔Reid, Anthony. ''Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce. Vol 2: Expansion and Crisis''. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993. p211n.〕 They appended the "China" specifier to distinguish the area from the city and the princely state of Cochin in India, their first headquarters in the Malabar Coast, As a result of a civil war that started in 1520, the Emperor of China sent a commission to study the political status of Annam in 1536. As a consequence of the delivered report, he declared war against the Mạc dynasty. The nominal ruler of the Mạc died at the very time that the Chinese armies passed the frontiers of the kingdom in 1537, and his father, Mạc Đăng Dung (the real power in any case), hurried to submit to the Imperial will, and declared himself to be a vassal of China. The Chinese declared that both the Lê dynasty and the Mạc had a right to part of the lands and so they recognised the Lê rule in the southern part of Vietnam while at the same time recognising the Mạc rule in the northern part, which was called Tunquin (i.e. Tonkin). This was to be a feudatory state of China under the government of the Mạc. However, this arrangement did not last long. In 1592, Trịnh Tùng, leading the Royal (Trịnh) army, conquered nearly all of the Mạc territory and moved the Lê kings back to the original capital of Hanoi. The Mạc only held on to a tiny part of north Vietnam until 1667, when Trịnh Tạc conquered the last Mạc lands. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cochinchina」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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