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Cockaigne
Cockaigne or Cockayne is a land of plenty in medieval myth, an imaginary place of extreme luxury and ease where physical comforts and pleasures are always immediately at hand and where the harshness of medieval peasant life does not exist. Specifically, in poems like ''The Land of Cockaigne'', Cockaigne is a land of contraries, where all the restrictions of society are defied (abbots beaten by their monks), sexual liberty is open (nuns flipped over to show their bottoms), and food is plentiful (skies that rain cheeses). Writing about Cockaigne was a commonplace of Goliard verse. It represented both wish fulfillment and resentment at the strictures of asceticism and death.
==Etymology==
While the first recorded use of the name are the Latin "Cucaniensis", and the Middle English "Cokaygne", or modern-day "Cuckoo-land", one line of reasoning has the name tracing to Middle French ''(pays de) cocaigne'' "(land of) plenty," ultimately adapted or derived from a word for a small sweet cake sold to children at a fair (''OED''). In Italian, the same place is called ''"Paese della Cuccagna"''; the Flemish-Belgian equivalent is "Luilekkerland" ("relaxed luscious, delicious land"), translated from the Middle-Belgian word "Cockaengen", and the German equivalent is ''Schlaraffenland'' (also known as "land of milk and honey"). In Spain an equivalent place is named ''Jauja'', after a rich mining region of the Andes, and ''País de Cucaña'' ("fools' paradise") may also signify such a place. From Swedish dialect ''lubber'' (fat lazy fellow) comes ''Lubberland'',〔(Today's wwftd is... ) Worthless words for the day, by Michael A. Fischer.〕 popularized in the ballad An Invitation to Lubberland.
In the 1820s, the name ''Cockaigne'' came to be applied jocularly to London,〔''OED'' notes a first usage in 1824.〕 as the land of Cockneys,〔"Cockney" from a "cock's egg", an implausible creature (see also basilisk).〕 and thus "Cockaigne", though the two are not linguistically connected otherwise. The composer Edward Elgar used the title "Cockaigne" for his concert overture and suite evoking the people of London, Cockaigne (In London Town) (1901).
The Dutch villages of Kockengen and Koekange were named after Cockaigne. The surname Cockayne also derives from the mythical land, and was originally a nickname for an idle dreamer.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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