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Cogender
Cogender (also spelled "co-gender", with adjectival form "co-gendered") is a term customarily applied by anthropologists.〔e.g. Walter & Fridman, 2004. p. 134 http://books.google.com/books?id=X8waCmzjiD4C&pg=PA134&lpg=PA134&dq=%22co-gendered%22&source=bl&ots=hF2ok-12G3&sig=Q5QQLFRR9r6iuuvWECot1jyMOqA&hl=en&ei=iWyoSZm1GpDamQfIkMXsDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=5&ct=result〕
==Mapuchen==
In Chile, among the Mapuche in La Araucanía, in addition to heterosexual female "machi" shamanesses, there are homosexual male "machi weye" shamans, who wear female clothing.〔Bacigalupo, 2007. pp. 111-114〕 These machi weye were first described in Spanish in a chronicle of 1673 A.D.〔Francisco Núñez de Pineda y Bascuñán : ''Cautiverio felíz y razón de las guerras dilatadas de Chile''. Santiago : Imprenta el Ferrocarril, 1863.〕 Among the Mapuche, "the spirits are interested in machi's gendered discourses and performances, not in the sex under the machi's clothes."〔http://www.buffalo.edu/ubreporter/archives/vol38/vol38n24/articles/BacigalupoShamens.html〕 In attracting the filew (possessing-spirit), "Both male and female ''machi'' become spiritual brides who seduce and call their ''filew'' -- at once husband and master -- to possess their heads ... . ... The ritual transvestism of male ''machi'' ... draws attention to the relational gender categories of spirit husband and ''machi'' wife as a couple (''kurewen'')."〔Bacigalupo, 2007. p. 87〕 (In ISKCON—the International Society for Kṛṣṇa Consciousness—male premin-devotees are likewise regarded as quasi-female "wives" of the god Kṛṣṇa.) As concerning "co-gendered identities"〔Bacigalupo, 2007. pp. 131-133〕 of "''machi'' as co-gender specialists",〔http://www.utexas.edu/utpress/excerpts/exbacsha.html〕 it has been speculated that "female berdaches" may have formerly existed among the Mapuche.〔Bacigalupo, 2007. p. 268, n. 5:18〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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