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''Colocasia'' is a genus 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Query Results for Genus ''Colocasia'' )〕 of flowering plants in the family Araceae, native to southeastern Asia and the Indian Subcontinent. Some species are widely cultivated and naturalized in other tropical and subtropical regions.〔(Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families )〕 Common names include Tarul, Karkala ko ganu, Elephant-ear, Taro, Cocoyam, Dasheen, Chembu, Champadhumpa, and Eddoe. Elephant-ear and Cocoyam are also used for some other large-leaved genera in the Araceae, notably ''Xanthosoma'' and ''Caladium''. The generic name is derived from the ancient Greek word ''kolokasion'' which in the Greek botanist Dioscorides (1st century AD) meant the edible roots of both ''Colocasia esculenta'' and ''Nelumbo nucifera''.〔Dioscorides in English translation is available from the links at the Wikipedia Dioscorides page. In the translation of Dioscorides by Tess Anne Osbaldeston (year 2000) see pages 248 and 331-332 for ''collocasia'' and ''colocassion''.〕 It is thought that the edible roots of ''Colocasia esculenta'' have been cultivated in Asia for more than ten thousand years.〔Brown, Deni. 2000. Aroids. Plants of the Arum Family. Timber Press, Oregon.〕 They are herbaceous perennial plants with a large corm on or just below the ground surface. The leaves are large to very large, long, with a sagittate shape. The elephant's-ear plant gets its name from the leaves, which are shaped like a large ear or shield. The plant reproduces mostly by means of rhizomes (tubers, corms) but it also produces "clusters of two to five fragrant inflorescenes in the leaf axils".〔Brown, Deni. 2000. Aroids. Plants of the Arum Family. Timber Press, Oregon. p. 250.〕 Like other members of the family, the plant contains an irritant which causes intense discomfort to the lips, mouth and throat. This acridity is caused in part by microscopic needle like raphides of calcium oxalate monohydrate and in part by another chemical, probably a protease. The acridity helps to naturally deter herbivores from eating it. It must be processed by cooking, soaking or fermenting - sometimes along with an acid (lime or tamarind) before being eaten.〔 〕 The species ''Colocasia esculenta'' is invasive into wetlands along the American Gulf coast, where it threatens to displace native wetland plants.〔Keddy, P.A., D. Campbell, T. McFalls, G. Shaffer, R. Moreau, C. Dranguet, and R. Heleniak. 2007. The wetlands of lakes Pontchartrain and Maurepas: past, present and future. Environmental Reviews 15: 1- 35.〕 It is on invasive species lists for (for example) (Texas ) and (Florida ) ;Species〔〔〔 # ''Colocasia affinis'' Schott - Yunnan, Nepal, Assam, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, eastern Himalayas # ''Colocasia antiquorum'',〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Plant List )〕〔''Utilisation des aliments tropicaux: racines et tubercules'', FAO, Rome, 1990, p. 35. ISBN 92-5-202775-0, (google book ).〕 sometimes considered a synonym of ''C. esculenta''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=USDA GRIN Taxonomy )〕 # ''Colocasia esculenta'' (L.) Schott - Taro, Elephant-ear, Eddoe - native to southern China, the Indian Subcontinent, Indochina, Sumatra; naturalized in other parts of Asia as well as Africa, southern Europe, South America, Central America, the West Indies, the southeastern United States, and many oceanic islands including Hawaii # ''Colocasia fallax'' Schott - Tibet, Yunnan, Himalayas, northern Indochina # ''Colocasia fontanesii'' Schott - Yunnan, eastern Himalayas, northern Indochina # ''Colocasia gigantea'' (Blume) Hook.f. – Giant Taro - southern China, Indochina, Malaysia, western Indonesia # ''Colocasia lihengiae'' C.L.Long & K.M.Liu - Arunachal Pradesh, Yunnan # ''Colocasia mannii'' Hook.f. - Assam, Nicobar Islands # ''Colocasia menglaensis'' J.T.Yin, H.Li & Z.F.Xu - Yunnan, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam # ''Colocasia oresbia'' A.Hay - Bangladesh, Sabah ;Formerly placed here *''Schismatoglottis calyptrata'' (Roxb.) Zoll. & Moritzi (as ''C. neoguineensis'' Linden ex André) *''Alocasia macrorrhizos'' (L.) G.Don (as ''C. indica'' (Lour.) Kunth)〔 ==Ecology== ''Colocasia'' species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including ''Palpifer murinus'' and ''Palpifer sexnotatus''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Colocasia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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