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Commercial Crew Development (CCDev) is a multiphase space technology development program, funded by the U.S. government, and administered by NASA. The program is intended to stimulate development of privately operated crew vehicles to low Earth orbit. It is run by the Commercial Crew and Cargo Program Office (C3PO) at NASA.〔(Commercial Crew & Cargo Program Office ), NASA website, August 10, 2009, accessed December 19, 2010.〕 William Gerstenmaier, NASA's Associate Administrator for Human Exploration and Operations for NASA, has stated that most likely only one competitor will be chosen to deliver crew to the International Space Station. This spacecraft is expected to begin doing so around 2017. In the first phase of the program, NASA provided a combined $50 million in 2010 to five American companies, intended to foster research and development into human spaceflight concepts and technologies in the private sector. A second set of Commercial Crew Development proposals were solicited by NASA in October 2010 for technology development project durations of up to 14 months. In April 2011, NASA announced that they would award up to nearly $270 million to four companies as they meet their CCDev 2 objectives. NASA awarded Space Act Agreements for the third phase, named CCiCap, in August 2012 and is to last until 2014.〔 CCiCap is followed by CCtCap with Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) Part 15 contracts. The CCtCap FAR contracts forming the fourth and final phase were awarded to SpaceX and Boeing in September 2014.〔 == Requirements == The key high-level requirements for the Commercial Crew vehicles include: *Deliver and return four crew members and their equipment to International Space Station (ISS). *Provide assured crew return in the event of an emergency.〔 *Serve as a 24-hour safe haven in the event of an emergency.〔〔 *Capable of remaining docked for 210 days.〔〔 The Space Shuttle could only remain docked for a maximum of 12 days. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Commercial Crew Development」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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