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''Kommersant'' ((ロシア語:Коммерса́нтъ), , ''The Businessman'', often shortened to Ъ) is a nationally distributed daily newspaper published in Russia mostly devoted to politics and business. It is a leading liberal business broadsheet. The TNS Media and NRS Russia certified July 2013 circulation of the daily was 120,000-130,000.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Kommersant Website; (Russian) )〕 == History == The newspaper was initially published in 1909, and it was closed down following the Bolshevik seizure of power and the introduction of censorship in 1917. In 1989, with the onset of press freedom in Russia, ''Kommersant'' was re-established under the ownership of businessman and publicist Vladimir Yakovlev. To make the point that the publication had outlasted the Soviet regime, "Kommersant" is spelled in Russian with a terminal hard sign (ъ) – a letter that is silent at the end of a word in modern Russian, and was thus largely abolished by the post-revolution Russian spelling reform. This is played up in the Kommersant logo, which features a script hard sign at the end of somewhat more formal font. In 1997, autos-to-Aeroflot mogul Boris Berezovsky – a member of the former President Boris Yeltsin's 'family'〔(''Fortune made in Yeltsin era'' ) – ''Guardian'', 13 April 2007. Retrieved 24 July 2007.〕 – bought the Kommersant publishing house, which included ''Kommersant-daily'', two serious weekly magazines (the political ''Kommersant-vlast'' (literally 'Power') and the financial ''Kommersant-dengi'' ('Money') – as well as entertainment magazines ''Domovoi'' and ''Avtopilot'' and ''Molotok'', a teen magazine, which later incurred the authorities' wrath.〔(''Prosecutors to save Russian teenagers from SMS pornography'' – ''Pravda'', 30 June 2006 ). Retrieved 24 July 2007.〕 Berezovsky sacked ''Kommersants director-general, Andrei Vassiliev, and editor-in-chief, Alexander Stukalin, on 14 July 2005〔(Boston University publication, July 2005 ). Retrieved 14 October 2007〕 in a move widely seen as preparation for the 2008 Russian presidential elections. In January 2005, ''Kommersant'' published blank pages as a protest at a court ruling ordering it to publish a denial of a story about a crisis at Alfa-Bank. The sole article in the paper was this one, published upside down, on the front page. The headline of the article was "Full Plaintiff" (полный истец) which has little meaning, but rhymes with a Russian swear word, meaning "complete disaster" (полный пиздец). The English version of the article was headed "Alfa-d Up". Berezovsky sold the Kommersant publishing house to an old friend and business partner, Georgian fruit canner and opposition television station owner Badri Patarkatsishvili, who was already chairman of the Kommersant company's board.〔(''Russian publishing house Kommersant gets a new owner'' – Editors Weblog, World Association of Newspapers, 28 February 2006 quoting ''Ekspert'' magazine ). Retrieved 24 July 2007.〕 In August 2006, Patarkatsishvili sold his 100% stake in the Kommersant publishing house to Alisher Usmanov,〔(''Alisher Usmanov'', ''Forbes'' ) Retrieved 24 July 2007.〕 head of Gazprom's Gazprominvestholding subsidiary. After clashing with Usmanov, ''Kommersant'' editor-in-chief Vladislav Borodulin left the paper.〔(''Kommersant editor quits'' - World Association of Newspapers, quoting the Associated Press, 2 October 2006 ). Retrieved 24 July 2007.〕 "() decision to resign was not forced, but evidently they expressed different views on how the publishing house should be developed," said the group's commercial director. Andrei Vasilyev, appointed for a second stint at the helm of the daily – after a long run from 1999 to 2005– said ''Kommersant-daily'' had no intention of following any imposed policy, and added that the edition would carry articles that might not please the owner.〔(''New/old Kommersant editor vows to maintain line''- RIA Novosti, 2 October 2006 ). Retrieved 24 July 2007〕 On 9 December 2008 the publication of articles in English ceased, and currently the Kommersant website has no English version. Since February 2009 ''Kommersant'' newspaper is printed and distributed in the United Kingdom.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title="Коммерсантъ" United Kingdom )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kommersant」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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