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A community garden is a single piece of land gardened collectively by a group of people.〔(''What is a community garden?'' ); American Community Garden Association; 2007; accessed on 2007-11-01.〕 ==Purpose== Community gardens provide fresh produce and plants as well as satisfying labor, neighborhood improvement, sense of community and connection to the environment.〔Hannah, A.K.; & Oh, P. (2000). Rethinking Urban Poverty: A look at Community Gardens. ''Bulletin of Science, Technology and & Society.'' 20(3). 207–216.〕 They are publicly functioning in terms of ownership, access, and management,〔Ferris, J.; Norman, C.; & Sempik, J. (2001). People, Land and Sustainability: Community Gardens and the Social Dimension of Sustainable Development. ''Social Policy and Administration''. 35(5). 559–568.〕 as well as typically owned in trust by local governments or not for profit associations. Community gardens vary widely throughout the world. In North America, community gardens range from familiar "victory garden" areas where people grow small plots of vegetables, to large "greening" projects to preserve natural areas, to tiny street beautification planters on urban street corners. Some grow only flowers, others are nurtured communally and their bounty shared. There are even non-profits in many major cities that offer assistance to low-income families, children groups, and community organizations by helping them develop and grow their own gardens. In the UK and the rest of Europe, closely related "allotment gardens" can have dozens of plots, each measuring hundreds of square meters and rented by the same family for generations. In the developing world, commonly held land for small gardens is a familiar part of the landscape, even in urban areas, where they may function as market gardens. They also practice crop rotations with versatile plants such as peanuts, tomatoes〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://totallytomatoes.net/the-versatile-totally-tomatoes-fruit )〕 and much more. Community gardens may help alleviate one effect of climate change, which is expected to cause a global decline in agricultural output, making fresh produce increasingly unaffordable.〔Harris, E (2009). "The role of community gardens in creating healthy communities", Australian Planner, v. 46, no. 2 (June 2009) pp. 24–27.〕 Community gardens encourage an urban community's food security, allowing citizens to grow their own food or for others to donate what they have grown.〔〔Nelson, Toni (1996). "Closing the nutrient loop: Using urban agriculture to increase food supply and reduce waste", ''World Watch'' v. 9 (Nov./Dec. 1996) pp. 10–17.〕 Advocates say locally grown food decreases a community's reliance on fossil fuels for transport of food from large agricultural areas and reduces a society's overall use of fossil fuels to drive in agricultural machinery.〔(): Kishler, Les. Opinion: community gardens are a serious answer to food supplies, health (2010, March 18) ''San Jose Mercury News'' .〕 A 2012 op-ed by community garden advocate Les Kishler examines how community gardening can reinforce the so-called "positive" ideas and activities of the Occupy movement.〔(): Kishler, Les. Occupy Community Gardens (2012, February 12) ''Nation of Change'' .〕 Community gardens improve users’ health through increased fresh vegetable consumption and providing a venue for exercise.〔 The gardens also combat two forms of alienation that plague modern urban life, by bringing urban gardeners closer in touch with the source of their food, and by breaking down isolation by creating a social community. Community gardens provide other social benefits, such as the sharing of food production knowledge with the wider community and safer living spaces.〔Harris, E (2009). Non-profit organizations in Kansas City and elsewhere help children, community groups, and low-income people grow gardens. "The role of community gardens in creating healthy communities", Australian Planner, v. 46, no. 2 (June 2009) pp. 24–27.〕 Active communities experience less crime and vandalism.〔Melville Court, Chatham, Kent," Moiser, Steve, ''Landscape Design,'' no306 (Dec. 2001/Jan. 2002) p. 34.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Community gardening」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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