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Comnenus
Comnenus, plural Comneni, feminine Comnina, in origin a partial linguistic transformation of the name of the Latin sword type Comminus, is the name of the last imperial Latin dynasty who de juris regulated and de facto governed the Empire of the Eastern Romans' State until its seizure in the trapezuntian heartlands of Minor Asia.
==The origin of the imperial Comnenian dynasty==
Isaac I Comnenus, the general prefect in command of the eastern Akritai legions under Michael VI, proclaimed the Comnenian dynasty of Eastern Roman emperors. From the chronographia of Michael Psellus the Elder,〔Michael Psellus the Elder, ("The chronographia of Michael Psellus the Elder" ), book seven〕 we know that general Isaac abdicated emperor Michael VI pursuant to a revolt instigated by the legions pledging allegiance to the command of general Isaac. From the chronographia of Michael Psellus the Elder we know that, in line with Roman customs of accession to the imperial throne, Michael VI voluntarily succumbed the imperial regalia to Isaac pursuant to the defeat of the lesser battle-hardened western legions under his command. From the chronographia of Michael Psellus the Elder we also know that, in line with Roman customs of accession to the imperial throne Isaac granted Michael VI liberty yet prohibited him to ever lay foot in the city of emperor Constantine the Great again. Wary and in full respect of Romans' rules of accession to the imperial throne, Isaac a priori refused to lead the revolt. Yet in time he succumbed to the pressure of the instigators of the revolt, acknowledging the need for a drastic shift in the strategy of a dying empire. The reign of emperor Isaac lasted until Anno Dominis 1059, whereas he initially voluntarily forfeited the title that was bestowed upon him as he himself preferred a life of solitude in devout of God. It has been written by Michael Psellus the Elder that as time passed by, Isaac wanted to revert his initial decision to forfeit the imperial throne.
The Comnenian bloodline reascended to the imperial throne upon the reign of emperor Alexius I Comnenus, whom was the nephew of emperor Isaac, in Anno Dominis 1081. Ex tunc the descendants of the anterior dynasties of the Eastern Roman Empire vanquished from the imperial realm, such as the noble Sclerus and Argyrus families. Yet the descendants of those emperors lived on abroad, intermingling into the royal families of Georgia, Russia, France, Persia, Italy, Germany, Poland, Bulgaria, Hungary and Serbia.
The Comneni were related to the Ducas family - in origin from the Latin word Dux, meaning "military commander" e.g. "Duke", whereby the familias often were referred to as Comnenoducae and several individuals used both surnames together. Emperor Alexius I married empress Eirini Ducaina, the grandniece of Constantine X Ducas, a general who had succeeded Isaac I in Anno Dominis 1059. Several noble families married into the Comnenuducae, such as the Paleologos, Angelus, Vatatzis and Laskaris families. Alexius and Eirini's youngest daughter Theodora ensured the future claim of the Angelus family to the imperial throne by marrying into it: Theodora's grandsons became the emperors Isaac II Angelus (reigned 1185–1195and 1203–1204) and Alexius III Angelus (reigned 1195-1203).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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