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Sinfonia concertante () is a mixture of the symphony and the concerto genres. It is a concerto in that soloists are on prominent display, and a symphony in that the soloists are nonetheless discernibly a part of the total ensemble and not preeminent. It emerged as a musical form during the Classical period of Western music. ==Classical Era== In the Baroque period, the differences between a concerto and a ''sinfonia'' (also "symphony") were initially not all that clear. The word ''sinfonia'' would, for example, be used as the name for an overture to a stage work. Antonio Vivaldi wrote "concertos" which did not highlight individual soloists and which were stylistically more or less indistinguishable from his "sinfonias." The Baroque genre that comes closest to the Classical ''sinfonia concertante'' is the ''concerto grosso''; among the most famous of these are those by Arcangelo Corelli and George Frideric Handel. By the Classical period (roughly 1750-1800), both the symphony and the concerto had acquired more definite meanings, and the ''concerto grosso'' had disappeared altogether. This led in the last decades of the 18th century to attempts to combine the two genres, such as those by composers of the Mannheim school. Johann Christian Bach (the so-called "London Bach" and youngest son of Johann Sebastian) was publishing ''symphonies concertantes'' in Paris from the early 1770s on. Mozart, acquainted with the Mannheim school from 1777 and probably aware of J.C. Bach's publications, put considerable effort into attempts to produce convincing ''sinfonie concertanti''. His most successful are the following: * ''Sinfonia Concertante for Violin, Viola and Orchestra K. 364'' (the only one Mozart is actually considered to have finished that exists in an authentic copy). * ''Sinfonia Concertante for Oboe, Clarinet, Horn, Bassoon and Orchestra K. 297b'' (known from an arrangement, possibly inauthentic). Joseph Haydn also wrote a ''Sinfonia Concertante for Violin, Cello, Oboe and Bassoon'' during his visit to London, in a friendly challenge to his former student Ignaz Pleyel, who also stayed in London at the time, and whose works in the genre were highly popular. Haydn also wrote symphonies with long soloist parts, especially early in his career, such as the "Time of Day" symphonies 6-8. These are, however, rightfully considered symphonies rather than sinfonie concertanti. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sinfonia concertante」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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