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Confuciusornithidae
Confuciusornithidae is a family of primitive birds from the early Cretaceous Period of China. It consists of four genera. About half of all the confuciusornithid specimens, including representatives of all species, that have preserved feathers possess a pair of distinctive ribbon-like tail feathers, and possessed both shafted and non-shafted (downy) feathers.〔Chiappe, Luis M. et. al (1999)〕〔Zhang, F. -C., Zhou, Z. -H., & Benton, M. J. (2008)〕
==Taxonomy==
The family Confuciusornithidae was first named by Hou ''et al.'' in 1995 to contain the type genus, ''Confuciusornis'', and assigned to the order Confuciusornithiformes within class Aves.〔Hou, L. et. al (1995)〕 The group was given a phylogenetic definition by Chiappe, in 1999, who defined a node-based clade Confuciusornithidae to include only ''Changchengornis'' and ''Confuciusornis''.〔 Sereno expanded this definition to include all species closer to ''Confuciusornis sanctus'' than to the modern House Sparrow, ''Passer domesticus''.〔Sereno, P. C. (2005)〕 ''Jinzhouornis'' was added to the Confuciusornithidae by Hou, Zhou, and Zhang in 2002,〔Hou, L. H., Zhou, Z. H., & Zhang, F. C. (2002)〕 and in 2008, Zhang, Zhou and Benton assigned the newly described genus ''Eoconfuciusornis'' to the family.〔
Most confuciusornithids are known from the upper Jehol group, the Yixian Formation and Jiufotang Formation, dating from 125 to 120 million years ago. ''E. zhengi'', however, predated the other confuciusornithids by 6 million years, dating to 131 Ma ago.〔O'Connor, J.K., Zhou Z. and Zhang F. (In press). "A reappraisal of ''Boluochia zhengi'' (Aves: Enantiornithes) and a discussion of intraclade diversity in the Jehol avifauna, China." ''Journal of Systematic Palaeontology'', (published online before print 16 December 2010). 〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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