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:''For consilia in the legal sense, see Legal opinion.'' Consilia (plural of ''consilium'', "advice") is a genre of book, originating in medieval era plagues, where practical advice is given on a medical or other philosophical subject. ==Origin== The format was originated by the Florentine doctor of medicine Taddeo Alderotti, under the pressures for down-to-earth advice, based on experiential observations, in treating the Black Death that decimated Italy in 1348 and recurred at generational intervals for the following centuries. A ''consilium'' was a doctor's written text in response to a particular case, where the malady had been determined; in the ''consilium'' the medical doctor identified the disease and prescribed the appropriate treatment.〔As defined by J. Agrimi and C. Crisciani, ''Les 'consilia' médicaux'' (Turnhout: Brepols) 1994:19.〕 The accumulation of ''consilia'' circulated in manuscript began, for the first time in Europe, to lay down a ''corpus'' of medical practice, case-by-case. Medieval medical writings had tended towards theory rather than praxis, which was denigrated as ''ars mechanica'', mere technician's work unsuited to the higher intellect. Characteristically they took the form of glosses and commentaries on the received texts of Antiquity, of Galen and Dioscurides, with nods towards Aristotle and the shadow of Hippocrates. Medicine was more closely allied in these with philosophy rather than with therapy and prevention; however with the onset of plague, practical experience moved to the forefront of concern.〔Teodoro Katinis, ''Medicina e filosofia in Marsilio Ficino: Il Consiglio contra la Pestilentia'', (Rome, 2007), pp 29ff.〕 Alderotti, who practiced and taught in Tuscany and the north of Italy, and served as doctor to Pope Boniface VIII, was a formative figure in the development of the faculty of arts and medicine at the University of Bologna. His more than a hundred ''consilia'' based on his clinical observation of actual cases formed the prototypes of a new genre of literature.〔Alderotti, ''I Consiglia'', G.M. Nardi, ed. (Turin) 1937; ''Consilia'', P. Giorgi and G. Pasini, eds. (Bologna) 1997.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Consilia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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