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Consorts of Ganesha
The marital status of Ganesha varies widely in mythological stories and the issue has been the subject of considerable scholarly review.〔For a review, see: Cohen, Lawrence. "The Wives of ", in: .〕 Several patterns of associations with different consorts are identifiable. One pattern of myths identifies Ganesha as an unmarried ''brahmacārin'' with no consorts. Another pattern associates him with the concepts of Buddhi (intellect), Siddhi (spiritual power), and ''Riddhi'' (prosperity); these qualities are sometimes personified as goddesses who are considered to be Ganesha's wives.〔For a review of associations with Buddhi, Siddhi, Riddhi, and other figures, and the statement "In short the spouses of are the personifications of his powers, manifesting his functional features...", see: .〕 Another pattern connects Ganesha with the goddess of culture and the arts, Sarasvati, and the goddess of luck and prosperity, Lakshmi.〔For associations with Sarasvati , and Lakshmi see: Cohen, Lawrence, "The Wives of ", in: Brown, pp.132.-pp.135〕 In the Bengal region he is linked with the banana tree, Kala Bo (or Kola Bou).〔For discussion of the Kala Bo, see: Cohen, Lawrence, "The Wives of ", in: .〕 He also may be shown with a single consort or a nameless servant (Sanskrit: ').〔For single consort or a nameless ' (servant), see: Cohen, Lawrence, "The Wives of ", in: .〕
Some of the differences between these patterns can be understood by looking at regional variations across India, the time periods in which the patterns are found, and the traditions in which the beliefs are held. Some differences pertain to the preferred meditation form used by the devotee, with many different traditional forms ranging from Ganesha as a young boy (Sanskrit: ; ') to Ganesha as a Tantric deity.〔For pictures of the 32 meditation forms along with the Sanskrit descriptions appearing in the Śrītattvanidhi, see: and .〕〔For descriptions of the 32 meditation forms appearing in the ', see: Martin-Dubost, pp. 120-123.〕
==Unmarried==
According to one tradition, Ganesha was a ''brahmacārin'', that is, unmarried.〔For statement that "According to ancient tradition, was a , that is, an unmarried deity; but legend gave him two consorts, personifications of Wisdom (Buddhi) and Success (Siddhi).", see: .〕 This pattern is primarily popular in southern India.〔Brown p.126〕 This tradition was linked to Hindu concepts of the relationship between celibacy and the development of spiritual power.〔Heras, p. 59. Heras quotes from Herbert's ''Ganesa'', which says, "La couleur rouge de son corps est celle que donne aux grandes yogins la pratique intense de la meditation" (translation: The red color of his body is that which the intense practice of meditation gives to great Yogis).〕 Bhaskaraya alludes to the tradition in which Ganesha was considered to be a lifelong bachelor in his commentary on the Ganesha Purana version of the Ganesha Sahasranama, which includes the name Abhīru (verse 9a).〔''.'' (, 1991). Includes the full source text and the commentary by Bhāskararāya in Sanskrit.〕 In his commentary on this verse Bhaskaraya says the name Abhīru means "without a woman," but the term can also mean "not fearful."〔Apte, p. 720.〕
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