|
''Contrapasso'' (or, in modern Italian,〔''Enciclopedia Dantesca'', Biblioteca Treccani, 2005, vol. 7, article ''Contrapasso''.〕 ''contrappasso''), from the Latin ''contra'' and ''patior'', "suffer the opposite": refers to the punishment of souls in Dante's ''Inferno'', "by a process either resembling or contrasting with the sin itself."〔Mark Musa, commentary notes in The Divine Comedy. Volume 1: Inferno. Penguin Classics: 1984, pp. 37-38.〕 A similar process, though a penitential one, occurs in the ''Purgatorio''.〔 One of many examples of ''contrapasso'' occurs in the 4th ''Bolgia'' of the 8th circle of Hell (''Inferno'', Canto XX), where the sorcerers, astrologers, and false prophets have their heads twisted around on their bodies backward, so that they "found it necessary to walk backward, / because they could not see ahead of them."〔''Inferno'', Canto XX, lines 14–15, Mandelbaum translation.〕 While referring primarily to attempts to see into the future by forbidden means, this also symbolises the twisted nature of magic in general.〔Dorothy L. Sayers, ''Hell'', notes on Canto XX.〕 Such a ''contrapasso'' "functions not merely as a form of divine revenge, but rather as the fulfilment of a destiny freely chosen by each soul during his or her life."〔Peter Brand and Lino Pertile, ''(The Cambridge History of Italian Literature )'', 2nd ed, Cambridge University Press, 1999, ISBN 0-521-66622-8, pp. 63-64.〕 The word ''contrapasso'' can be found in Canto XXVIII of the ''Inferno'', in which the decapitated Bertran de Born declares: "Così s'osserva in me lo contrapasso" (XXVIII, 142) which Longfellow translates: "Thus is observed in me the counterpoise" De Born is in the 9th ''Bolgia'' of schismatics, for (Dante believes) causing the rebellion of Henry the Young King against his father, Henry II of England.〔Mark Musa, commentary notes in The Divine Comedy. Volume 1: Inferno. Indiana University Press, 1996, ISBN 0-253-32968-X, p. 380.〕 He is decapitated there as a ''contrapasso'' for his (supposed) act of political decapitation in undermining a rightful head of state.〔 Dante inherited the idea and the name of ''contrapasso'' from theological (Thomas Aquinas's ''Summa Theologica'') and literary (Medieval "visions", such as ''Visio Pauli'', ''Visio Alberici'', and ''Visio Tungdali'') sources.〔 == In Media == "Contrapasso. You play, you pay." as referenced in the Hannibal television series, season 3, episode 12. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Contrapasso」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|