|
|population = About 10 to 20 million〔 〕 (estimates vary) |image = |region1 = |pop1 = estimations range between 9 to 15 million |ref1 = (see Religion in Egypt) |region2 = |pop2 = ca. 500,000 |ref2 =〔Minority Rights Group International, World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples – Sudan : Copts, 2008, available at: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49749ca6c.html (21 December 2010 )〕 |region3 = |pop3 = ca. 60,000 |ref3 = 〔 |region4 = |pop4 = ca. 200,000 to 1 million |ref4 =〔(2009 American Community Survey ), U.S. Census Bureau "All Egyptians including Copts 197,160"〕〔According to published accounts and several Coptic/US sources (including the ''US-Coptic Association''), the Coptic Orthodox Church has between 700,000 and one million members in the United States (c. 2005–2007). (【引用サイトリンク】title=''Why CCU?'' )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=''Coptics flock to welcome 'Baba' at Pittsburgh airport'' )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=''State's first Coptic Orthodox church is a vessel of faith'' )〕 |region5 = |pop5 = ca. 200,000 |ref5 = 〔〔() 〕 |region6 = |pop6 = ca. 75,000 (2003) |ref6 = 〔In the year 2003, there was an estimated 70,000 Copts in New South Wales alone: – 〕〔(The Coptic Orthodox Diocese of Sydney & its Affiliated Regions – Under the Guidance of His Grace Bishop Daniel )〕 |region7 = |pop7 = ca. 30,000 |ref7 = 〔(''Le religioni in Italia. La Chiesa Copta (Religions in Italy. Coptic Church'') )〕 |region8 = |pop8 = ca. 10,000 |ref8 = | rels = Predominantly: Coptic Orthodox Christianity. Also Coptic Catholicism, Protestants | scrips = Bible | langs = Only in Egypt, Sudan, Libya spoken: Arabic Liturgical: Coptic (near-extinct but it is in a process to be revived among ethnic Copts) Diaspora: English and many others }} The Copts are an ethno-religious〔Minahan 2002, p. 467〕〔Diedrich Westermann, Edwin William Smith, Cyril Daryll Forde, International African Institute, International Institute of African Languages and Cultures, Project Muse, JSTOR (Organization), ''"Africa: journal of the International African Institute, Volume 63"'', pp 86-96, 270-1, Edinburgh University Press for the International African Institute, 1993〕 group situated in North Africa and the Middle East, mainly in the area of modern Egypt, where they are the largest Christian denomination. They are also the largest Christian denomination in Sudan and Libya. Christianity was the religion of the vast majority of Egyptians from 400–800 A.D. and the majority after the Muslim conquest until the mid-10th century and remains the faith of a significant minority population. Historically they spoke the Coptic language, a direct descendant of the Demotic Egyptian spoken in the Roman era, but it has been near-extinct and mostly limited to liturgical use since the 18th century. They now speak Arabic. Copts in Egypt constitute the largest Christian community in the Middle East, as well as the largest ethno-religious minority in the region, accounting for an estimated 10% of the Egyptian population. Copts in Sudan constitute the largest Christian community in Sudan, accounting for an estimated 1% of the Sudanese population.〔Minority Rights Group International, World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples – Sudan : Copts, 2008, available at: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49749ca6c.html (21 December 2010 )〕 Copts in Libya constitute the largest Christian community in Libya, accounting for an estimated 1% of the Libyan population.〔 Most Copts adhere to the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria.〔〔 The Coptic Catholic Church, which is an Eastern Catholic church in full communion with the Catholic Church, claims 163,000 members. ==Name== The word ''Copt'' was adopted in English in the 17th century, from New Latin ''Coptus, Cophtus'', which is derived from Arabic collective ' "the Copts" with nisba adjective , plural ' ; Also ''quftī, qiftī'', Arabic representing historical Coptic . an Arabisation of the Coptic word ''kubti'' (Bohairic) and/or ''kuptaion'' (Sahidic). The Coptic word is in turn an adaptation of the Greek ' "Egyptian" ultimately related to Caphtor. The term is thus ultimately derived from the Greek designation of the native Egyptian population in Roman Egypt (as distinct from Greeks, Romans, Jews, etc.). After the Muslim conquest of Egypt, it became restricted to those Egyptians adhering to the Christian religion.〔"The people of Egypt before the Arab conquest in the 7th century identified themselves and their language in Greek as Aigyptios (Arabic qibt, Westernized as Copt); when Egyptian Muslims later ceased to call themselves Aigyptioi, the term became the distinctive name of the Christian minority." (Coptic Orthodox Church ). ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online''. 2007〕 The Greek term for Egypt, , is itself derived from the Egyptian language, but dates to a much earlier period, being attested already in Mycenean Greek as ''a3-ku-pi-ti-jo'' (lit. "Egyptian"; used here as a man's name). This Mycenaean form is likely from Middle Egyptian ("Hut-ka-Ptah"), literally "Estate (or 'House') of the Spirit of Ptah" (cf. Akkadian ), the name of the temple complex of the god Ptah at Memphis. In their own Coptic language, the Copts referred to themselves as ''rem en kēme'' (Sahidic) , ''lem en kēmi'' (Fayyumic), ''rem en khēmi'' (Bohairic) , which literally means "people of Egypt" or "Egyptians"; cf. Egyptian ', Demotic '. The Arabic word "Copt" has also been connected to the Greek name of the town of Κόπτος ''Coptos'' (modern day ; Coptic ''Kebt'' and ''Keft''). It is possible that this association has contributed to making ''Copt'' the settled form of the name.〔OED s.v. "Copt".〕 In the 20th century, some Egyptian nationalists and intellectuals in the context of Pharaonism began using the term in the historical sense.〔qtd. in M. Hussein. ' (Trends in Modern Literature ). Vol. 2. Cairo, 1954〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Copts」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|