|
In architecture a corbel or console is a structural piece of stone, wood or metal jutting from a wall to carry a superincumbent weight, a type of bracket.〔Oxford English Dictionary Second Edition on CD-ROM (v. 4.0). Oxford University Press, 2009〕 A corbel is a solid piece of material in the wall, whereas a console is a piece applied to the structure. A piece of timber projecting in the same way was called a "tassel" or a "bragger" in the UK. The technique of corbelling, where rows of corbels deeply keyed inside a wall support a projecting wall or parapet, has been used since Neolithic, or New Stone Age, times.〔See for example, Maes Howe, a particularly fine Neolithic chambered cairn in Scotland.〕 It is common in Medieval architecture and in the Scottish baronial style as well as in the Classical architectural vocabulary, such as the modillions of a Corinthian cornice and in ancient Chinese architecture. The word "corbel" comes from Old French and derives from the Latin ''ラテン語:corbellus'', a diminutive of ''ラテン語:corvus'' ("raven"), which refers to the beak-like appearance.〔〔Oxford English Dictionary gives a similar etymology but from Latin corvellum or corvellus〕 Similarly, the French refer to a bracket-corbel, usually a load-bearing internal feature, as a ''フランス語:corbeau'' ("crow"). ==Decorated corbels== Norman (Romanesque) corbels often have a plain appearance,〔 although they may be elaborately carved with stylised heads of humans, animals or imaginary "beasts", and sometimes with other motifs (Kilpeck church in Herefordshire is a notable example, with 85 of its original 91 richly carved corbels still surviving).〔(CRSBI website: St Mary and St David, Kilpeck, Herefordshire )〕 Similarly, in the Early English period, corbels were sometimes elaborately carved, as at Lincoln Cathedral, and sometimes more simply so.〔 Corbels sometimes end with a point apparently growing into the wall, or forming a knot, and often are supported by angels and other figures. In the later periods the carved foliage and other ornaments used on corbels resemble those used in the capitals of columns.〔 Throughout England, in half-timber work, wooden corbels ("tassels" or "braggers") abound, carrying window-sills or oriel windows in wood, which also are often carved.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Corbel」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|