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''Spartina'', commonly known as cordgrass or cord-grass, is a genus of plants in the grass family, frequently found in coastal salt marshes.〔Schreber, Johann Christian Daniel von. 1789. Genera Plantarum Eorumque Characteres Naturales Secundum Numerum, Figuram, Situm, & Proportionem Omnium Fructificationis Partium. (Ed. 8()). 43〕 The genus name is derived from σπαρτίνη (''spartiné''), the Greek word for a cord made from Spanish broom (''Spartium junceum''). They are native to the coasts of the Atlantic Ocean in western and southern Europe, northwest and southern Africa, the Americas and the southern Atlantic Ocean islands; one or two species also occur on the North American Pacific Ocean coast and in freshwater habitats inland in the Americas. The highest species diversity is on the east coasts of North and South America, particularly Florida. They form large, often dense colonies, particularly on coastal salt marshes, and grow quickly. The species vary in size from 0.3–2 m tall. Many of the species will produce hybrids if they come into contact. ;Species〔〔(The Plant List search for Spartina )〕〔〔(Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps )〕 # ''Spartina alterniflora'' Loisel. – Smooth Cordgrass - Atlantic coasts of North + South America, West Indies # ''Spartina anglica'' C.E.Hubb. – Common Cordgrass - Great Britain; introduced scattered other places # ''Spartina arundinacea'' (Thouars) Carmich - Tristan da Cunha, Amsterdam Island in Indian Ocean # ''Spartina bakeri'' Merr. – Sand Cordgrass - southeastern USA # ''Spartina × caespitosa'' A.A.Eaton – Short Cordgrass - eastern USA + Canada (PEI to VA) # ''Spartina ciliata'' Brongn. - Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay # ''Spartina cynosuroides'' (L.) Roth – Big Cordgrass - eastern USA (TX to MA); Tamaulipas, Chihuahua, Bahamas # ''Spartina densiflora'' Brongn. – Denseflower Cordgrass - Venezuela, Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Chile # ''Spartina foliosa'' Trin. – California Cordgrass - California, Baja California, Baja California Sur # ''Spartina gracilis'' Trin. – Alkali Cordgrass - western Canada, western + central USA, Chihuahua, Jalisco, Michoacán # ''Spartina longispica'' Hauman & Parodi ex St.-Yves - Argentina, Uruguay # ''Spartina maritima'' (Curtis) Fernald – Small Cordgrass - Great Britain, Netherlands, Belgium, France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Croatia, Morocco, Mauritania, Namibia, South Africa # ''Spartina patens'' (Aiton) Muhl – Saltmeadow Cordgrass - east coast of North America from Labrador to Tamaulipas; West Indies # ''Spartina pectinata'' Bosc ex Link – Prairie Cordgrass from Northwest Territories to Texas + Newfoundland # ''Spartina spartinae'' (Trin.) Merr. ex Hitchc. – Gulf Cordgrass - Atlanic coast of North America from Florida to Argentina, incl Caribbean + Gulf of Mexico # ''Spartina × townsendii'' H.Groves & J.Groves (''S. alterniflora'' × ''S. maritima'') – Townsend's Cordgrass - western Europe # ''Spartina versicolor'' Fabre - Mediterranean, Azores ;formerly included〔 see ''Bouteloua Crypsis Dactylis Digitaria'' ==Cultivation== ''Spartina'' has been planted by humans to reclaim estuarine areas for stripping, to supply fodder for livestock, and to prevent erosion. Various members of the genus (especially ''Spartina alterniflora'' and its derivatives, ''Spartina anglica'' and ''Spartina × townsendii'') have spread outside of their native boundaries and become invasive. Big Cordgrass (''S. cynosuroides'') is used in the construction of bull's eye targets for sports archery. A properly constructed ''Spartina'' target can stop an arrow safely without damage to the arrowhead as it lodges in the target. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Spartina」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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