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''Coregonus'' is a diverse genus of fish in the salmon family (Salmonidae). The type species is ''Coregonus lavaretus''. The ''Coregonus'' species are known as whitefishes. The genus contains at least 68 described extant taxa, but the true number of species is a matter of debate. Several species, including the Arctic cisco (''C. autumnalis''), the Bering cisco (''C. laurettae''), and the least cisco (''C. sardinella'') are anadromous, moving between salt water and fresh water. The genus was previously subdivided into two subgenera ''Coregonus'' ("true whitefishes") and ''Leucichthys'' ("ciscoes"), ''Coregonus'' comprising taxa with sub-terminal mouth and usually a benthic feeding habit, ''Leucichthys'' those with terminal or supra-terminal mouth and usually a pelagic plankton-feeding habit. This classification is not natural however: based on molecular data, ciscoes comprise two distinct lineages within the genus. Moreover, the genus ''Stenodus'' is not phylogenetically distinct from ''Coregonus''.〔Bernatchez L, Colombani F, Dodson JJ (1991) (Phylogenetic relationships among the subfamily Coregoninae as revealed by mitochondrial DNA restriction analysis ) ''Journal of Fish Biology'' 39 (Suppl A):283-290.〕 Many whitefish species or ecotypes, especially from the Great Lakes and the Alpine lakes of Europe, have gone extinct over the past century or are endangered. All ''Coregonus'' species are protected under appendix III of the Bern Convention. == Species diversity== There is much uncertainty and confusion in the classification of the many of species of this genus. Particularly, one extreme view of diversity recognises just two main species in Northern and Central Europe, the common whitefish ''C. lavaretus'' and the vendace ''C. albula'', whereas others would divide these into numerous, often narrowly distributed species. In North America, the ciscoes of the ''Coregonus artedi'' complex in the Great Lakes area comprise several, often co-occurring forms or ecotypes, whose taxonomic status remains controversial. In 2012, FishBase listed 78 extant and recently extinct species in this genus (extinct species are marked with a dagger, "†"): * ''Coregonus albellus'' Fatio, 1890 (autumn brienzlig) * ''Coregonus albula'' Linnaeus, 1758 (vendace) * †''Coregonus alpenae'' (Koelz, 1924) (longjaw cisco) * ''Coregonus alpinus'' Fatio, 1885 (kropfer) * ''Coregonus anaulorum'' Chereshnev, 1996 * ''Coregonus arenicolus'' Kottelat, 1997 * ''Coregonus artedi'' Lesueur, 1818 (northern cisco or lake herring) * ''Coregonus atterensis'' Kottelat, 1997 * ''Coregonus austriacus'' C. C. Vogt, 1909 * ''Coregonus autumnalis'' (Pallas, 1776) (Arctic cisco) * ''Coregonus baerii'' Kessler, 1864 * ''Coregonus baicalensis'' Dybowski, 1874 * ''Coregonus baunti'' Mukhomediyarov, 1948 * ''Coregonus bavaricus'' Hofer, 1909 * ''Coregonus bezola'' Fatio, 1888 (bezoule) * ''Coregonus candidus'' Goll, 1883 * ''Coregonus chadary'' Dybowski, 1869 (Khadary whitefish) * ''Coregonus clupeaformis'' (Mitchill, 1818) (lake whitefish) * ''Coregonus clupeoides'' Lacépède, 1803 (powan) * ''Coregonus confusus'' Fatio, 1885 * ''Coregonus danneri'' C. C. Vogt, 1908 * ''Coregonus duplex'' Fatio, 1890 * ''Coregonus fatioi'' Kottelat, 1997 * †''Coregonus fera'' Jurine, 1825 (fera) * ''Coregonus fontanae'' M. Schulz & Freyhof, 2003 (Stechlin cisco) * †''Coregonus gutturosus'' (C. C. Gmelin (de), 1818) * ''Coregonus heglingus'' Schinz, 1822 * †''Coregonus hiemalis'' Jurine, 1825 (gravenche) * ''Coregonus hoferi'' L. S. Berg, 1932 * ''Coregonus holsata'' Thienemann, 1916 * ''Coregonus hoyi'' (Milner, 1874) (bloater) * ''Coregonus huntsmani'' W. B. Scott, 1987 (Atlantic whitefish) * †''Coregonus johannae'' (G. Wagner, 1910) (deepwater cisco) * ''Coregonus kiletz'' Michailovsky, 1903 * ''Coregonus kiyi'' (Koelz, 1921) (kiyi) * ''Coregonus ladogae'' Pravdin, Golubev & Belyaeva, 1938 * ''Coregonus laurettae'' T. H. Bean, 1881 (Bering cisco) * ''Coregonus lavaretus'' Linnaeus, 1758 (common whitefish, European whitefish; lavaret) * ''Coregonus lucinensis'' Thienemann, 1933 * ''Coregonus lutokka'' Kottelat, Bogutskaya & Freyhof, 2005 * ''Coregonus macrophthalmus'' Nüsslin, 1882 * ''Coregonus maraena'' (Bloch, 1779) (maraena whitefish) * ''Coregonus maraenoides'' L. S. Berg, 1916 * ''Coregonus maxillaris'' Günther, 1866 * ''Coregonus megalops'' Widegren, 1863 (lacustrine fluvial whitefish) * ''Coregonus migratorius'' (Georgi, 1775) (omul) * ''Coregonus muksun'' (Pallas, 1814) (muksun) * ''Coregonus nasus'' (Pallas, 1776) (broad whitefish) * ''Coregonus nelsonii'' T. H. Bean, 1884 (Alaska whitefish) * ''Coregonus nigripinnis'' (Milner, 1874) (blackfin cisco) * ''Coregonus nilssoni'' Valenciennes, 1848 * ''Coregonus nipigon'' (Koelz, 1925) * ''Coregonus nobilis'' Haack, 1882 * †''Coregonus oxyrinchus'' Linnaeus, 1758 (houting) * ''Coregonus palaea'' G. Cuvier, 1829 * ''Coregonus pallasii'' Valenciennes, 1848 * ''Coregonus peled'' (J. F. Gmelin, 1789) (peled) * ''Coregonus pennantii'' Valenciennes, 1848 (gwyniad) * ''Coregonus pidschian'' (J. F. Gmelin, 1789) (humpback whitefish) * ''Coregonus pollan'' W. Thompson, 1835 (Irish pollan) * ''Coregonus pravdinellus'' Dulkeit, 1949 * ''Coregonus reighardi'' (Koelz, 1924) (shortnose cisco) * ''Coregonus renke'' (Schrank, 1783) * ''Coregonus restrictus'' Fatio, 1885 * ''Coregonus sardinella'' Valenciennes, 1848 (Sardine cisco) * ''Coregonus stigmaticus'' Regan, 1908 (schelly) * ''Coregonus subautumnalis'' Kaganowsky, 1932 * ''Coregonus suidteri'' Fatio, 1885 * ''Coregonus trybomi'' Svärdson (sv), 1979 * ''Coregonus tugun'' (Pallas, 1814) * ''Coregonus ussuriensis'' L. S. Berg, 1906 (Amur whitefish) * ''Coregonus vandesius'' J. Richardson, 1836 (vendace) * ''Coregonus vessicus'' Dryagin, 1932 * ''Coregonus wartmanni'' (Bloch, 1784) * ''Coregonus widegreni'' Malmgren, 1863 (Valaam whitefish) * ''Coregonus zenithicus'' (D. S. Jordan & Evermann, 1909) (shortjaw cisco) * ''Coregonus zuerichensis'' Nüsslin, 1882 * ''Coregonus zugensis'' Nüsslin, 1882 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Coregonus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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