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Cornelia (gens)
The ''gens Cornelia'' was one of the most distinguished Roman ''gentes'', and produced a greater number of illustrious men than any other house at Rome. The first of this ''gens'' to achieve the consulship was Servius Cornelius Cossus Maluginensis, who held that office in 485 BC.〔''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', William Smith, Editor.〕
The ''gens'' was a major contributor to the highest offices of the Republic, and contested for consulships with the Fabii and the Valerii from the 3rd century BC. Over thirty percent of all consulships were held by men from this ''gens''; several great commanders also came from this family.
==Origin==
The origin of the Cornelii is lost to history, but the ''nomen Cornelius'' may be formed from the hypothetical ''cognomen Corneus'', meaning "horny", that is, having thick or callused skin. The existence of such a ''cognomen'' in early times may be inferred from its diminutive, ''Corneolus''.〔George Davis Chase, "The Origin of Roman Praenomina", in ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', vol. VIII (1897).〕
Another possibility is that the name is related to the surname ''Cossus'', used by the most ancient branch of the ''gens''. ''Cossus'' may be an archaic ''praenomen'' used by the ancestors of the Cornelii, which was subsequently used as a ''cognomen'' by the family. A similar instance is found in the patrician ''Furia gens'', originally ''Fusia'', which was evidently derived from the archaic ''praenomen Fusus''. That ''gens'' later used ''Fusus'' as a ''cognomen'', just as the Cornelii did with ''Cossus''. Long after that branch of the family had disappeared, ''Cossus'' was revived as a ''praenomen'' by the later Cornelii.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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