|
' (''Thus Do They All, or The School for Lovers''), K. 588, is an Italian-language opera buffa in two acts by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart first performed on 26 January 1790, at the Burgtheater in Vienna, Austria. The libretto was written by Lorenzo Da Ponte, who also wrote ''Le nozze di Figaro'' and ''Don Giovanni''. Although it is commonly held that ' was written and composed at the suggestion of the Emperor Joseph II, recent research does not support this idea.〔Brown, p. 10〕 There is evidence that Mozart's contemporary Antonio Salieri tried to set the libretto but left it unfinished. In 1994, John Rice uncovered two terzetti by Salieri in the Austrian National Library.〔Collins, Michael, ''Notes, Second Series'', Vol. 53, No. 4 (June 1997), pp. 1142–1144. Music Library Association.〕 The title, ''Così fan tutte'', literally means "Thus do all ()," but is usually translated into English as "Women are like that". The words are sung by the three men in act 2, scene 13, just before the finale; this melodic phrase is also quoted in the overture to the opera. Da Ponte had used the line "Così fan tutte le belle" earlier in ''Le nozze di Figaro'' (in act 1, scene 7). ==Performance history== The first performance of Mozart's setting took place at the Burgtheater in Vienna on 26 January 1790. It was given only five times before the run was stopped by the death of the Emperor Joseph II and the resulting period of court mourning. It was performed twice in June 1790, with the composer conducting the second performance, and again in July (twice) and August (once). After that it was not played in Vienna during Mozart's lifetime.〔Branscombe, Peter. "Historical Note", Royal Opera House programme, 4 November 1976〕 The first British performance was in May 1811, at the King's Theatre, London.〔Holden, p. 253〕〔"King's Theatre", ''The Times'', 7 May 1811, p. 4;〕 ''Così fan tutte'' was not performed in the U.S. until 1922, when it was given at the Metropolitan Opera〔 According to William Mann,〔Mann, p. ??〕 Mozart disliked prima donna Adriana Ferrarese del Bene, da Ponte's arrogant mistress for whom the role of Fiordiligi had been created. Knowing her idiosyncratic tendency to drop her chin on low notes and throw back her head on high ones, Mozart filled her showpiece aria ''Come scoglio'' with constant leaps from low to high and high to low in order to make Ferrarese's head "bob like a chicken" onstage.〔As quoted by Robert Greenberg, ''Great Masters – Mozart: His Life and Work'', Lecture 8: "The Last Years" (Chantilly, VA: The Great Courses, 2000)〕 The subject-matter (see synopsis below) did not offend Viennese sensibilities of the time, but throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, it was considered risqué, vulgar, and even immoral. The opera was rarely performed, and when it did appear it was presented in one of several bowdlerised forms. After World War II it regained its place in the standard operatic repertoire. It is frequently performed and appears 14th on the Operabase list of the most-performed operas worldwide.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url= http://operabase.com/top.cgi?lang=en#opera )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Così fan tutte」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|