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Costobarus was an associate of Herod the Great: who made Costobarus governor of Idumea, and second husband of Herod's sister Salome I. He is known also as Costobar.〔Josephus "War" i: 486.〕〔Josephus "Antiquities" xv: 253-255〕 There is ''another also named Costobar'', who is the brother of Saul.〔Josephus "War" ii: 418 ; "Antiquities" xx: 214〕 ==Costobar(us), husband of Salome== Costobarus was an associate of Herod b. Antipater during the latter’s rise to power. Following the capitulation of Jerusalem - in the campaign by Mark Antony and Herod against the Hasmonean king Antigonus - Costobar controlled the exits from the city. 〔 Josephus “Antiquities” xv: 260-266 〕 At about this time, in c.37 BC, Antony appointed Herod as Tetrarch of Judæa: and Herod appointed Costobarus as Governor of Idumæa and Gaza. 〔 Josephus “Antiquities” xv: 254 , 261§a 〕 Soon afterwards, c.34 BC, Herod gave his sister Salome in marriage to Costobarus. 〔 Josephus “Antiquities” xv: 255 , xv:255 §a ; “War” i: 486 〕 While Costobarus “gladly accepted these favours, which were more than he had expected”, 〔 Josephus “Antiquities” xv: 255 〕 he was never “Herods’ man”: his focus was always towards Idumæa and his own ambitions in that direction. Costobarus was from a noble and priestly family in Idumæa; 〔 Josephus “Antiquities” xv: 253-254 〕 and he resented that the Hasmonean John Hyrcanus had made the Idumæans adopt the customs and laws of the Jews. He “did not think ... it ... proper for him to carry out the orders of Herod , or for the Idumæans to ... be subject to them.” 〔 Josephus “Antiquities” xv: 255 〕 He also had ambitions to rule Idumæa himself, and “to achieve greater things”. 〔 Josephus “Antiquities” xv: 267 〕 These attitudes led him to three acts which aroused Herod against him, and eventually led to his execution. His first transgression to become known (but the second to be initiated) was to approach Cleopatra to ask Antony for Idumæa to be transferred to her (instead of to Herod), as it “had always belonged to her ancestors”. Costobarus was “ready to transfer his loyalty to her”, and hoped that he himself would eventually become its ruler. 〔 Josephus “Antiquities” xv: 256-258 〕 Cleopatra did ask: but Antony refused. Herod sought to kill Costobarus as soon as he found out, but his mother and sister prevented him: Herod even pardoned Costobarus on this occasion. But, from then, Herod no longer trusted Costobarus. The next revelation (the third event in sequence) came as part of the divorce proceedings which Salome initiated against Costobarus. In c.27-25 BC, she issued him a writ of annulment (which the woman was not permitted to do under Jewish Law: but Salome was Salome!), and declared to Herod that she did this “out of loyalty to ... () himself”. 〔 Josephus “Antiquities” xv: 259-260 〕 She then informed Herod that Costobarus was intending to flee the country in the company of Herod’s brother Pheroras, 〔 Josephus “War” i: 486 〕 who was out of favour at this time because of his infatuation with a slave girl, and his consequent rejection of a family match which Herod had arranged. Then Salome added the third revelation (but the first and longest running transgression): Costobarus had been protecting, for twelve (or ten) 〔 The present translator gives “twelve”, but in a footnote indicates that previous German scholars have proposed “ten” because of continuity issues from surrounding events. It is for this reason that the year of Salome’s divorce, and of Costobar’s execution, has to be approximated over a few years. 〕 years past, Herod’s enemies from the early days - the sons of Baba. 〔 Josephus “Antiquities” xv: 260-266 〕 When Costobarus had been guarding the exits to Jerusalem in c.37 BC, these were some of the people Herod had wished to contain: but Costobarus hid them on his own estate (because of their popularity with the people), and later denied all knowledge of them. “And when the king () was informed of these things ... he sent to the place where they were reported to be staying, and had them kill these men and those who were accused with them ...” 〔 Josephus “Antiquites” xv: 266 〕 And so, Costobarus was executed, at last, in c.27-25 BC. 〔 Josephus “Antiquities” xv: 252 , 299§e, 266 〕 affirm it clearly.] Despite all this intrigue, descendants of Costobarus and Salome are among the most notable in the history of the Herodian dynasty, and some were involved with the Jesus Movement as well. The next sub-section deals with the grandchildren Costobar and Saul; and the last sub-section gives an overview of all their immediate descendants. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Costobarus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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