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Kütahya ((:cyˈtahja)) is a city in western Turkey with 237,804 inhabitants (2011 estimate), lying on the Porsuk river, at 969 metres above sea level. It is the capital of Kütahya Province, inhabited by some 564 294 people (2011 estimate). The region of Kütahya has large areas of gentle slopes with agricultural land culminating in high mountain ridges to the north and west. The city's Greek name was Kotyaion, Latinized in Roman times as Cotyaeum.〔http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04422a.htm Catholic Encyclopaedia: Cotiaeum.〕 ==History== Kütahya is remembered as Cotyaeum during classical times. It later became part of the Roman province of Phrygia Salutaris,〔Heinrich Gelzer, (''Ungedruckte und ungenügend veröffentlichte Texte der Notitiae episcopatuum'' ), in: Abhandlungen der philosophisch-historische classe der bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1901, p. 540, nº 338.〕 but in about 820 became the capital of the new province of Phrygia Salutaris III. Its bishopric thus changed from being a suffragan of Synnada to a metropolitan see, although with only three suffragan sees according to the ''Notitia Episcopatuum'' of Byzantine Emperor Leo VI the Wise (886-912), which is dated to around 901-902.〔Gelzer, ''op. cit.'', p. 559, nnº 650-653.〕 According to the 6th-century historian John Malalas, Cyrus of Panopolis, who had been prefect of the city of Constantinople, was sent there as bishop by Emperor Theodosius II (408-50), after four bishops of the city had been killed. Two other sources makes Cyrus bishop of Smyrna instead. The bishopric of Cotyaeum was headed in 431 by Domnius, who was at the Council of Ephesus, and in 451 by Marcianus, who was at the Council of Chalcedon. A source cited by Lequien says that a bishop of Cotyaeum named Eusebius was at the Second Council of Constantinople in 553. Cosmas was at the Third Council of Constantinople in 680–681. Ioannes, a deacon, represented an unnamed bishop of Cotyaeum at the Trullan Council in 692. Bishop Constantinus was at the Second Council of Nicaea in 692, and Bishop Anthimus at the Photian Council of Constantinople (879),〔Michel Lequien, (''Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus'' ), Paris 1740, Vol. I, coll. 851-852〕〔Raymond Janin, v. ''Cotyaeum'', in (''Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastiques'' ), vol. XIII, Paris 1956, coll. 938-940〕〔Pius Bonifacius Gams, (''Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae'' ), Leipzig 1931, p. 447〕 No longer a residential bishopric, Cotyaeum is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see.〔''Annuario Pontificio 2013'' (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 875〕 Under the reign of Byzantine Emperor Justinian I the town was fortified with a double-line of walls and citadel. In 1071 Cotyaeum (or Kotyaion) fell to the Seljuk Turks and later switched hands, falling successively to the Crusaders, Germiyanids, Timur-Leng (Tamerlane), until finally being incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1428. During this time a large number of Christian Armenians settled in Kotyaion/Kütahya, where they came to dominate the tile-making and ceramic ware production.〔Hovannisian, Richard G. and Armen Manuk-Khaloyan, "The Armenian Communities of Asia Minor," in ''Armenian Communities of Asia Minor'', ed. Richard G. Hovannisian. UCLA Armenian History and Culture Series: Historic Armenian Cities and Provinces, 13. Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda Publishers, 2014, pp. 32-34.〕 With this, Kütahya emerged as a renowned center for the Ottoman ceramic industry, producing tiles and faience for mosques, churches, and official buildings in places all over the Middle East.〔See Dickran Kouymjian, "The Role of Armenian Potters of Kutahia in the Ottoman Ceramic Industry," in ''Armenian Communities of Asia Minor'', pp. 107-30.〕 It was initially center of Anatolia Eyalet till 1827, when Hüdavendigâr Eyalet was formed. It was later sanjak centre in Hüdavendigâr Vilayet in 1867. It was briefly occupied by troops of Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt in 1833. At the end of the nineteenth century, Kütahya's population was counted at 120,333, of which 4,050 were Greeks, 2,533 Armenians, 754 Catholics, and the remainder Turks and other Muslims.〔Hovannisian and Manuk-Khaloyan, "The Armenian Communities of Asia Minor," p. 34.〕 It is noteworthy that Kütahya and the district itself were spared the ravages of the Armenian Genocide of 1915, when the Turkish governor went to extreme lengths to protect the Armenian population from being uprooted and sent away on death marches.〔 Kütahya was occupied by Greek troops on 17 July 1921 after Battle of Kütahya–Eskişehir during Turkish War of Independence and captured in ruins after Battle of Dumlupınar during the Great Offensive on 30 August 1922. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kütahya」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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