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Coulsdon (, traditionally pronounced ) is a town in south London, mainly within the London Borough of Croydon, with parts of Coulsdon also falling under the London Borough of Sutton and Reigate & Banstead. It is south of Croydon's historic boundaries at Purley and is approximately 13 miles (20.9 km) from Charing Cross. ==History== The location forms part of the North Downs. The hills contain chalk and flint. Several dry valleys with natural underground drainage merge and connect to the relict headwater system of the River Wandle named 'River Bourne'.〔(Surrey County Council )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=London’s Natural Signatures )〕 Although the Bourne river floods periodically, the soil is generally dry and is the watershed which has constituted a natural route way across the Downs for early populations. Fossil records exist from the Pleistocene period(4m years ago)〔() Royal Holloway, University of London. Department of Geography. Title: Reconstructing a Palaeolithic Landscape. Dated 2011〕 There is evidence of human occupation from the Neolithic period, Iron Age,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=- English Heritage )〕〔Volume 9 of the Bourne Society's Local History Records (1970)〕 Anglo-Saxon,〔() Excavations in the Saxon Cemetery on Farthing Down, Coulsdon. John Wickham Flower〕〔〔Surrey Archeological Society. Volume 50. Article "Celtic Agriculture in Surrey by Brian Hope-Taylor" ()〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Farthing Downs )〕 Bronze Age,〔() Surrey Archeological Society. Volume 64. Article "hoard of late bronze age things at crooksbury hill, coulsdon."〕〔() Surrey Archeological Society. Volume 38 . Article "shunaway plantation" 1928. bronze found.〕 Roman and Medieval〔(Croydon Council planning document )〕 *675. Frithwald, an Ealdorman and viceroy of King Wulfhere of Mercia gave land at Cuthraedesdune to Chertsey Abbey.〔() Croydon Council report on parks and open spaces〕〔() Tales from Chertsey Abbey by Lucy Wheeler〕〔() Highways and Byways in Surrey, by Eric Parker. Date 1908.〕 It appears as ''Colesdone'' in the Domesday Book.〔Chaldon Church (Origins with Coulsdon parish at chaldonchurch.co.uk )〕〔(Surrey Domesday Book )〕〔http://www.domesdaymap.co.uk/place/TQ2959/coulsdon/ Coulsdon〕 *1537. The Dissolution of the monasteries passed ownership to the King. The Taunton Manor, in the 1535 Valor Ecclesiasticus is recorded having an annual rent accruing to the House (Hospital) of St. Thomas of Acre from the Manor of "Tauntons" was 100ss and approximately of wood belonged to it valued at a yearly rent of 12d. per acre. In 1545 Henry VIII granted two homes with land in Whattingdon manor, Coulsdon: ''Welcombes'' and ''Lawrences'' to Sir John Gresham, the manor having been owned by Chertsey Abbey in the 8th century when it was recorded as ''Whatindone'' until the English Reformation in the 16th century.〔 The Whattingdon Manor was granted to Sir John Gresham, the manor having been owned by Chertsey Abbey in the 8th century when it was recorded as ''Whatindone'' until the English Reformation in the 16th century.〔 *1553 The Coulsdon Manor were granted or sold to various families, including Sir Nicholas Carew(1553) Sir Francis Carew(1557),〔 Jerome Weston, 2nd Earl of Portland, Sir Richard Mason, Sir Edward Darcy, Sir Robert Darcy, Sir Edward Bouverie (see Earl of Radnor). *1782 to 1921. Owned by three generations of the Byron family, who has already purchased the sub-manor of Hooley.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Parishes: Coulsdon )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Coulsdon Lords of the Manor )〕 *1801 The Byron family moved to live at Hooley House. *1838. Byron sold a large amount of land to the 'London to Brighton railway company'. Byron moves from Hooley House to Portnall's Farm. *1850 Hartley Farm was demolished and Coulsdon Court was built by Thomas Byron. It was said to be constructed of the last bricks to be made locally at Crossways (at Coulsdon Road, Old Coulsdon).〔()〕 In 1854, to avoid the Court, he adjusted the paths of some local roads, and created a gated drive from the public road. *1863 Edmund Byron inherited the title. After his use of the Enclosure acts were curtailed when he lost a case 1877 at the Court of Chancery,〔(Croydon Natural History and Scientific Society ISSN 0309-6149 )〕〔The Story of English commons and forests. Commons Preservation Society. Lord Eversley ()〕〔(Down with the Fences )〕 large areas were sold in 1883 to the Corporation of London.〔The Times (london, England), Monday, 21 May 1883; pg. 12; Issue 30825.〕〔(Riddledown History )〕〔The Corporation of London: Its origin, constitution, powers, and duties. City of London (England). Corporation Oxford University Press, 1950.〕〔() Conservation report〕 The importance of this event was reported in The Times.〔Report on the Dedication Of Coulsdon Commons. The Times (london, England), Monday, 21 May 1883; pg. 12〕 He also sold and gave away various plots.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Plaque 24 - Smitham Bottom Infants School, Smitham )〕 *In 1921, Edmund Byron died. The remaining lands owned by the Byrons were sold. Land and manorial rights were passed to the Purley and Coulsdon Urban District Council.〔Croydon Council. Local List of Historic Parks and Gardens December 2008 ()〕 For many centuries, the lands contained several farms and manors and only on the coming of its branch railway were a few wealthy people from outside of the traditional borders attracted to build grand houses, by 19th century descriptions, such as: Until 1921, the Byron family had largely maintained this tradition, despite sales of earlier land. The sales in the 1860s increased the number of landowners. Most housing in Smitham (Bottom/Valley) and the clustered settlement of Old Coulsdon, as well as the narrower valley between them, was built in the 80 years from 1890 to 1970. The area developed mixed suburban and in its centre urban housing: The valley and routes in Smitham Bottom encouraged some early settlements. An Inn at the 'Red Lion' appears in the Bainbridge map of 1783. The coming of the railway and improved road links encouraged buildings along the sides of the major roadways and close to the stations. Since 1921. the sales of the old estate lands have replaced a countryside of discrete farms, with thousands of suburban dwellings. Coulsdon segregated its long-haul from its short-haul traffic by gaining the Farthing Way A23 bypass, which opened in December 2006〔(Transport for London )〕 as part of the Coulsdon Town Centre Improvement Scheme. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Coulsdon」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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