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Counter-Earth
・ Counter-Earth (comics)
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Counter-Earth : ウィキペディア英語版
Counter-Earth

The Counter-Earth is a hypothesized by the pre-Socratic Greek philosopher Philolaus (c. 470 – c. 385 BCE) to support his non-geocentric cosmology, in which all objects in the universe revolve around an unseen "Central Fire" (distinct from the Sun which also revolves around it). The Greek word ''Antichthon'' ((ギリシア語:Ἀντίχθων)) means "Counter-Earth."
In modern times a hypothetical planet always on the other side of the Sun from the Earth has been called a "Counter-Earth",〔 and has been a recurring theme in fiction, science fiction〔Fictional planets of the Solar System#Counter-Earth〕 and UFO claims.〔
==Greek Pythagorean universe==

An astronomical system positing that the Earth, Moon, Sun, planets and unseen "counter-earth" revolve around an unseen "Central Fire" was developed in the 5th century BC and attributed to the Pythagorean〔(History of the Pythagorean school ) hosted by Drury University, Springfield, Missouriphilosopher Philolaus. Philolaus' universe moved "the earth from the center of the cosmos",〔(Philolaus ), Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Carl Huffman.〕 and provided the insight that "the apparent motion of the heavenly bodies" was (in large part) due to "the real motion of the observer"—i.e. Earth.〔
In Philolaus' system, the Earth did not rotate and its inhabited surface faced away from the Central Fire—possibly because it (the Earth) was flat. The revolution of the Earth around the Central Fire was not yearly but daily, while the Moon's revolution was monthly, and the sun's yearly. It was the Earth's speedy travel past the slower moving Sun that resulted in the appearance on Earth of the Sun rising and setting. Further from the Central Fire, the Planets' movement was slower still, and the outermost "sky" (i.e. stars) probably fixed.〔

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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