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Counterconditioning
Counterconditioning is the conditioning of an unwanted behavior or response to a stimulus into a wanted behavior or response by the association of positive actions with the stimulus.〔Gerrig, Richard J. & Philip G. Zimbardo. "Psychology And Life". Pearson Education, 2002.〕 For example, when training a dog, a person would create a positive response by petting or calming the dog, when the dog reacts anxiously or nervously to a stimulus. Therefore this will associate the positive response with the stimulus.〔Blaisdell, Aaron E., James C. Denniston, Hernan I. Savastano, and Ralph R. Miller. "Counterconditioning of an Overshadowed Cue Attenuates Overshadowing." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 26.1 (2000): 74-86. http://www.psych.appstate.edu/. The American Psychological Association, Inc., 13 Aug. 1999. Web. 02 Oct. 2011. .〕
== Founders ==
Mary Cover Jones was the first to show the effectiveness of the counter conditioning process in her rabbit experiments. She was able to eliminate the fear of rabbits from a young boy. The rabbit was first kept away from the boy and then moved closer and closer, while the boy was able to eat his favorite foods. The boy was allowed to touch the rabbit and then was able to eat his food to reduce the nervousness touching the rabbit induced. Eventually the boy was able to pet the rabbit without any sign of fear because of the unpleasant and feared stimulus of the rabbit was now replaced by the pleasant stimulus of the food. But Jones was not the only one working on this process of conditioning, J.B. Watson and R. Rayner suggested a process similar to that of Jones and also shortly after the rabbit experiments were published Ivan Pavlov used a similar procedure for a dog that was agitated by his experiments.〔Craighead,W. Edward, Charles B. Nemeroff. "The Concise Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology and Behavioral Science. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2004, p. 232.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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