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Counterplanning
Counterplanning is the process through which an actor reaches his or her goals by formulating plans that account for the plans and goals of others (e.g. enemies, neutrals, or friends).〔Carbonell, J. G. (1979). The Counterplanning Process. Proceedings of the 6th International Joint Conference On Artificial Intelligence, 1979, Tokyo Japan.〕
When the plans and goals of one actor interfere with those of another actor, a conflict exists. These conflicts lead to second- and third-order undesired effects. The best counterplanning techniques to be used in a given situation vary based on the characteristics of the conflict. Counterplanning techniques are common in everyday life and in military planning.
==Goal Conflicts==
Goal conflicts arise when the desired world states of one or more actors cannot co-exist.〔Schank, R and Abelson, R. (1977) Scripts, Plans Goals and Understanding. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.〕 This can be resolved by a number of techniques, which fall into three types of strategies.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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