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Covance Inc. with headquarters in Princeton, New Jersey, is a contract research organization (CRO) providing drug development and animal testing services. According to its website, it is one of the largest companies of its kind in the world, with annual revenues of over $2 billion, and over 11,000 employees in more than 60 countries.〔("About Covance" ), Covance.〕 It claims to provide the world's largest central laboratory network.〔(Covance website ).〕 It became a publicly traded company after being spun off by Corning Incorporated in 1996.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Corning/covance Spin-off Agreement )〕 In 2011 it was listed as one of the top 100 employers by the ''Diversity Employers Magazine''. Under the name Covance Research Products Inc., based in Denver, Pennsylvania, the company also deals in the import, breeding and sale of laboratory animals. It breeds dogs, rabbits, guinea pigs, non-human primates, and pigs, and runs the largest non-human primate laboratory in Germany.〔For it running the largest primate laboratory in Germany, see Schiermeier, Quirin. ("Primate lab faces closure threat over mistreatment charge" ), ''Nature'', 427, 4, January 1, 2004. *For Covance's description of its breeding facilities, see ("About CRP" ), Covance Research Products. *Also see ("Primates" ), Covance Research Products. *Clemons, Donna J. ''et al''. ("Safety and Efficacy Evaluation using Nonhuman primates" ), in Abee, Christian R. ''Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research: Biology and Management''. Academic Press, 2012, p. 493ff.〕 The company became the subject of controversy following allegations in 2003–2005 by the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection and People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals that non-human primates were being abused in its laboratories in Germany and the United States. No violations of the law were found by the authorities in the first case, and a small fine was levied in the second. In response, the company drew up a new welfare code to guide its treatment of laboratory animals.〔("Covance under fire in Germany" ), ''in-Pharama'', December 19, 2003. *Schiermeier, Quirin. ("Primate lab faces closure threat over mistreatment charge" ), ''Nature'', 427, 4, January 1, 2004. *For the legal response to the first (BUAV) case, see European Biomedical Research Association. ("Covance cleared of primate charges" ), 2004. *Benz, Kathy & McManus, Michael. ("PETA accuses lab of animal cruelty" ), CNN, May 17, 2005. *For the Covance animal welfare code, see ("Animal Welfare Statement" ), Covance, undated. *For the fine in the second (PETA) case, see ("Covance announces conclusion of U.S. Food and Drug Administration and Department of Agriculture Inspections of its Vienna, VA facility" ), March 31, 2006. *Also see Owen, Marna. (''Animal Rights: Noble Cause Or Needless Effort?'' ). Twenty-First Century Books (''USA Today''), 2009, p. 5ff〕 On November 3rd, 2014, Labcorp announced it would be purchasing Covance for $6.1 billion. == History == Covance's origins go back to 1968, when Environmental Sciences Corporation – which manufactured equipment related to laboratory animals – opened for business in the basement of a former grocery store in Seattle, Washington. In 1972 it purchased and took the name of Hazleton Laboratories, a contract laboratory that conducted toxicology testing. In 1977 Corning Glass Works purchased a stake in Hazleton. According to material on the Funding Universe website, by 1982 Hazleton had become the largest independent biological testing company and life sciences laboratory in the United States, as well as the largest manufacturer of laboratory equipment in the world. The company carried out toxicology tests on animals of drugs, cosmetics, pesticides, and industrial chemicals, and bred rhesus monkeys and beagles for its own labs, as well as for chemical and drug companies, hospitals, universities and government agencies. Funding Universe writes that it also offered chemical analysis of new compound products for various industries, tested chemicals for gene mutations, and carried out research with monoclonal antibodies.〔("Covance History" ), fundinguniverse.com; taken from Derdak, Thomas and Pederson, Jay P. ''International Directory of Company Histories''. St. James Press, 2000, Volume 30. *For Corning's acquisition of Hazleton Laboratories in 1987 (it purchased a stake in it in 1977), see *For Corning's acquisition of SciCor in 1991, see *Also see 〕 In 1989 Corning Glass Works purchased G.H. Besselaar Associates, which conducted clinical trials to help drugs gain approval from the Food and Drug Administration, and Hazleton purchased Microtest Ltd., a molecular toxicology center in York, England. Corning Glass Works then changed its name to Corning, and created Corning Lab Services, which included Besselaar and Hazelton. In 1991 and 1992 Corning Lab Services acquired SciCor and Philadelphia Association of Clinical Trials; in 1993 Hazleton, Besselaar, and SciCor were combined, becoming Corning Pharmaceutical Services, then Corning Life Sciences. On January 9, 1995, Coring Pharmaceutical Services announced the acquisition of National Packaging Systems, Inc., an Allentown, PA based clinical trial packaging company; the company was renamed Corning National Packaging Inc. In April 1996 Corning spun off its lab testing and pharmaceutical services, creating two new companies, Quest Diagnostics and Covance, the latter with a head office in Princeton, New Jersey. Corning National Packaging Inc, with facilities in Allentown, PA, Horsham, England, and Basel, Switzerland was rebranded as Covance Pharmaceutical Packaging Services Inc. By 1998 Covance had net revenues of $731.6 million and a net income of $48.6 million.〔 By 2012 it had annual revenues of over $2 billion, and over 11,000 employees in more than 60 countries.〔 On February 14, 2001, Covance completed the sale of Covance Pharmaecutical Packaging Services Inc., later renamed Fisher Clinical Services, to Fisher Scientific International for a sum of $137.5 million. The net proceeds from the sale, approximately $110 million, were used to repay other Covance debt. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Covance」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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