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Covehithe is a hamlet and civil parish in the Waveney district of the English county of Suffolk. It lies on the North Sea coast around north of Southwold and south of Lowestoft. Neighbouring settlements include Benacre, South Cove and Frostenden. The coastline in the Covehithe area suffers from the highest rate of erosion in the UK, and the settlement has suffered significant loss of land and buildings in the past. It is located within the Suffolk Coast & Heaths AONB. ==History== A possible section of Roman road has been discovered in the parish which, along with pottery finds and a possible Roman enclosure, suggests that the area was inhabited in the Roman period.〔(The Archaeology of the Suffolk Coast and Inter-tidal Zone ), ''Suffolk County Council/English Heritage'', 2005. Retrieved 2012-11-01.〕 Anglo-Saxon remains, including a possible cemetery and evidence of sunken feature buildings, have been found in the area around St Andrew's church and suggest habitation from the post Roman period.〔 A number of mid to late Saxon finds, including an 8th or 9th century dugout canoe found at the coast, support this theory.〔 At the Domesday survey of 1086 the village is named as ''Nordhalla'' or ''Nordhals''〔(Covehithe ), ''The Domesday Book online''. Retrieved 2012-11-01.〕 and is recorded as being a medium-sized settlement with 13 households of freemen or smallholders.〔(Covehithe ), ''Open Domesday''. Retrieved 2012-11-01.〕 The land was held by William son of Reginald from William of Warenne although other tenants in chief included the King and Roger Bigot.〔 In the Middle Ages Covehithe prospered as a small town and during the reign of Edward I was granted a fair on the feast day of St Andrew. It takes its modern name from the de Cove family who held land there at that time, and the fact that it had a hithe, or quay, for loading and unloading small vessels. By the 17th Century however it had fallen victim, like nearby Dunwich, to coastal erosion. The large church of St Andrew, which had been built on the back of its wealth, was largely pulled down, although its tall tower remains, and a smaller church was erected amongst the ruins in 1672.〔(Church of St Andrew ), ''English Heritage''. Retrieved 2012-11-01.〕 Fishing was a key industry in Covehithe, especially for herring. There is also archaeological evidence of the linen industry having been carried out at Covehithe until the 18th century.〔 In 1910 Peter Ditchfield wrote: Erosion caused the coastline at Covehithe to retreat more than 500 metres between the 1830s and 2001, according to contemporary Ordnance Survey maps. This can be seen most obviously on the sand cliffs above the beach where the road running from the church simply falls away down onto the beach. The only recorded pub within the village, The Anchor public house, had closed by 1882.〔(Covehithe Anchor ), ''Suffolk Camra website''. Retrieved 2012-11-01.〕 During World War I Covehithe airfield, a night-landing ground, was operated from 1915 to 1919 by the Royal Naval Air Service as a satellite station for RNS Great Yarmouth. The airfield, covering and equipped with searchlights and paraffin lights for night landing, was used for anti-Zeppelin patrols by the Number 73 Wing.〔(Covehithe airfield ), ''Heritage Gateway''. Retrieved 2012-11-01.〕 In 1918 the station was transferred to 273 Squadron of No. 4 Group RAF which flew DH9, DH4 and Sopwith Camel aircraft from the site.〔 The Covehithe airfield was closed in 1919, its land returned to agricultural use.〔〔(Royal Naval Air Stations ). Retrieved 2012-11-01.〕〔(Covehithe ), ''Suffolk Camra website''. Retrieved 2012-11-01.〕 During World War II the coastline at Covehithe formed part of the defence line against possible German invasion. A series of pill boxes and other defences were in place, although most of these have since been lost to coastal erosion.〔 A Chain Home Extra Low radar station was established at Covehithe in 1942 by the Royal Air Force.〔(Chain Home Extra Low Station K163 ), ''Heritage Gateway''. Retrieved 2012-11-01.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Covehithe」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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