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Cranborne is a village in East Dorset, England. In 2001 the village had a population of 779 people, unaltered at the 2011 Census. The appropriate electoral ward is called 'Crane'. This ward includes Wimborne St. Giles in the west and south to Woodlands. The total population of this ward at the 2011 census was 2,189.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Crane ward 2011 )〕 The town is situated on chalk downland called Cranborne Chase, part of a large expanse of chalk in southern England which includes the nearby Salisbury Plain and Dorset Downs. ==History== The village dates from Saxon times and was recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as '' Creneburne'', meaning stream (bourne) of cranes. In the 10th century the Benedictine abbey known as Cranborne Abbey was founded by a knight by the name of Haylward Snew who made it the parent house of the religious foundation at Tewkesbury.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The priories of Cranbourne and Horton )〕 This arrangement lasted until 1102, when Robert Fitz Hamon greatly enlarged the church of Tewkesbury and transferred the community from Cranborne there transforming Cranborne Abbey into a priory subject to Tewkesbury Abbey.〔 The priory was fully subject to Tewkesbury until the dissolution of the abbey in 1540.〔 The priory buildings were demolished in 1703, but the Norman priory church of ''St Mary and St Bartholomew'' survives as the parish church.〔(Cranborne ), Dorset Historic Churches Trust〕 In the 13th century King John visited the downs for the hunt and the town hosted several subsequent kings, notably Henry VIII who founded the hunting lodge in the village. The medieval hunting lodge was modified by Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, between 1607 and 1611 to create Cranborne Manor House, a mixture of medieval walls and Renaissance architecture, for King James I who also came to the downs for the hunt. Since 1605, "Viscount Cranborne" has been the courtesy title of the heir of the Earl of Salisbury. The village was a market town in times when it was frequented by royalty, and housed a garrison of soldiers to protect the king. The town's population was at one time comparably large, but its importance and power has dwindled as other more accessible towns have overtaken it in size. Cranborne was for many centuries the centre of the hundred of the same name. In the 1980s there was a reproduction Iron-Age Round House built at the back of Cranborne Middle School. It is now the Cranborne Ancient Technology Centre. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cranborne」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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