|
Crasis (; from the Greek , "mixing", "blending")〔; cf. , "I mix" ''wine with water''; ''kratēr'' "mixing-bowl" is related.〕 is a type of contraction in which two vowels or diphthongs merge into one new vowel or diphthong—making one word out of two. Crasis occurs in Portuguese and Arabic as well as in Ancient Greek, where it was first described. In some cases, as in the French examples below, crasis involves the grammaticalization of two individual lexical items into one, but in other cases, as in the Greek examples, crasis is the orthographic representation of the encliticization and vowel reduction of one grammatical form with another. The difference between the two is that the Greek examples involve two grammatical words and a single phonological word and the French examples involve a single phonological word and grammatical word. ==Greek== In both Ancient Greek and Modern Greek, crasis merges a small word and long word that are closely connected in meaning. A coronis (κορωνίς ''korōnís'' "curved"; plural κορωνίδες ''korōnídes'') marks the vowel from crasis. In ancient times this was an apostrophe placed after the vowel (i.e., τα᾽μά), but today it is written over the vowel and is identical to the smooth breathing (τἀμά). Unlike a coronis, a smooth breathing never occurs on a vowel in the middle of a word (although it occurs on doubled rho: πύῤῥος ''pyrrhos''). The article undergoes crasis with various nouns and adjectives starting in a vowel: * "my (affairs)" * "on the contrary" * "the same" * (plural of the previous example) καί undergoes crasis with forms of the first-person singular pronoun, producing a long ᾱ (the macron is not written here, since it occurs with a coronis): * "and I", "I too" * "and to me" In modern monotonic orthography, the coronis is not written. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Crasis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|