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The Cree (historical autonym: Nēhiraw; (フランス語:cri)) are one of the largest groups of First Nations in North America, with over 200,000 members living in Canada. The major proportion of Cree in Canada live north and west of Lake Superior, in Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and the Northwest Territories. About 38,000 live in Quebec.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Culture Areas Index )〕 In the United States, this Algonquian-speaking people historically lived from Lake Superior westward. Today, they live mostly in Montana, where they share a reservation with the Ojibwe (Chippewa).〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=Canadian Museum of Civilization Corporation )〕 The documented westward migration over time has been strongly associated with their roles as traders and hunters in the North American Fur Trade.〔Alexander Mackenzie, () Voyages from Montreal Through the Continent of North America to the Frozen and Pacific Oceans in 1789 and 1793.〕 == Sub-groups == The Cree are generally divided into eight groups based on dialect and region. These divisions do not necessarily represent ethnic sub-divisions within the larger ethnic group: * ''Naskapi'' and ''Montagnais'' (together known as the ''Innu'') are inhabitants of an area they refer to as Nitassinan. Their territories comprise most of the present-day political jurisdictions of eastern Quebec and Labrador. Their cultures are differentiated, as the Naskapi are still caribou hunters and more nomadic than the Montagnais, but the Montagnais have more settlements. The total population of the two groups in 2003 was about 18,000 people, of which 15,000 lived in Quebec. Their dialects and languages are the most distinct from the Cree spoken by the groups west of Lake Superior. * ''Attikamekw'' are inhabitants of the area they refer to as Nitaskinan (Our Land), in the upper St. Maurice River valley of Quebec (about 300 km north of Montreal). Their population is around 4,500. * ''James Bay Cree'' – Grand Council of the Crees; approximately 18,000 Cree (''Iyyu'' in Coastal Dialect / ''Iynu'' in Inland Dialect) of Eeyou Istchee and Nunavik regions of Northern Quebec. * ''Moose Cree'' – Moose Factory〔(Moose Cree First Nation community profile )〕 in the Cochrane District, Ontario; this group lives on Moose Factory Island, near the mouth of the Moose River, at the southern end of James Bay. * ''Swampy Cree'' – this group lives in northern Manitoba along the Hudson Bay coast and adjacent inland areas to the south and west, and in Ontario along the coast of Hudson Bay and James Bay. Some also in eastern Saskatchewan around Cumberland House. It has 4,500 speakers. * ''Woods Cree'' group in northern Alberta and Saskatchewan. * ''Plains Cree'' 34,000 people in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and Montana. Due to the many dialects of the Cree language, there is no modern collective autonym. The Plains Cree and Attikamekw refer to themselves using modern forms of the historical ''nêhiraw'', namely ''nêhiyaw'' and ''nêhirawisiw'', respectively. Moose Cree, East Cree, Naskapi, and Montagnais all refer to themselves using modern dialectal forms of the historical ''iriniw'', meaning 'man.' Moose Cree use the form ''ililiw'', coastal East Cree and Naskapi use ''iyiyiw'' (variously spelled ''iiyiyiu'', ''iiyiyuu'', and ''eeyou''), inland East Cree use ''iyiniw'' (variously spelled ''iinuu'' and ''eenou''), and Montagnais use ''ilnu'' and ''innu'', depending on dialect. The Cree use "Cree," "cri," "Naskapi, or "montagnais" to refer to their people only when speaking the languages of the European colonists, French or English.〔David Pentland, "Synonymy", in Handbook of North American Indians, vol. 6, June Helm, ed., Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1981, p. 227〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cree」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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