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Criminal transmission of HIV is the intentional or reckless infection of a person with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This is often conflated, in laws and in discussion, with criminal exposure to HIV, which does not require the transmission of the virus and often, as in the cases of spitting and biting, does not include a realistic means of transmission.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=CDC : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Homepage )〕 Some countries or jurisdictions, including some areas of the U.S., have enacted laws expressly to criminalize HIV transmission or exposure, charging those accused with criminal transmission of HIV. Others, including the United Kingdom, charge the accused under existing laws with such crimes as murder, manslaughter, attempted murder, or assault. ==Modes of transmission== Medical research has identified the following situations in which HIV may be transmitted: *Sexual transmission where one person with an HIV infection engages in unprotected sexual intercourse with another, thus transferring the virus; *Blood donation and transfusions or other medical procedures involving biological material such as blood, tissue, organs, or semen from an infected donor; HIV has been transmitted through the organ transplantation of kidney, liver, heart, pancreas, bone, and skin, all of which are blood-containing organs or highly vascular tissues (but not through transplantation of bone without marrow, corneas, etc.), but this mode of transmission, along with blood transfusions, has become rare since the development of accurate HIV-testing procedures. *The use of unsterilized needles/syringes for medical, recreational drug use (including a range of drug paraphernalia), tattooing, body piercing, etc.; *Pregnancy and postnatal transmission (e.g., breast feeding) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Criminal transmission of HIV」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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