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| Criminologist ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Criminology
Criminology (from Latin ラテン語:''crīmen'', "accusation"; and Greek , ''-logia'') is the scientific study of the nature, extent, management, causes, control, consequences, and prevention of criminal behavior, both on the individual and social levels. Criminology is an interdisciplinary field in both the behavioral and social sciences, drawing especially upon the research of sociologists, psychologists, psychiatrists, social anthropologists, as well as scholars of law.
The term ''criminology'' was coined in 1885 by Italian law professor Raffaele Garofalo as ''criminologia.'' Later, French anthropologist Paul Topinard used the analogous French term ''criminologie.''
==Schools of thought==
In the mid-18th century criminology arose as social philosophers gave thought to crime and concepts of law. Over time, several schools of thought have developed. There were three main schools of thought in early criminological theory spanning the period from the mid-18th century to the mid-twentieth century: Classical, Positive, and Chicago. These schools of thought were superseded by several contemporary paradigms of criminology, such as the sub-culture, control, strain, labeling, critical criminology, cultural criminology, postmodern criminology, feminist criminology and others discussed below.
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