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Croesus
Croesus〔The English name ''Croesus'' comes from the Latin transliteration of the Greek , in Arabic and Persian قارون, ''Qârun''.〕 ( ; , ''Kroisos''; 595 BC – c. 546 BC) was the king of Lydia who, according to Herodotus, reigned for fourteen years: from 560 BC until his defeat by the Persian king Cyrus the Great in 546 BC〔("Croesus". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online )〕 (sometimes given as 547 BC).
Croesus was renowned for his wealth—Herodotus and Pausanias noted his gifts were preserved at Delphi.〔Among them a lion of gold, which had tumbled from its perch upon a stack of ingots when the temple at Delphi burned but was preserved and displayed in the Treasury of the Corinthians, where Pausanias saw it (Pausanias 10.5.13). The temple burned in the archonship of Erxicleides, 548-47 BC.〕 The fall of Croesus made a profound impact on the Greeks, providing a fixed point in their calendar. "By the fifth century at least," J.A.S. Evans has remarked, "Croesus had become a figure of myth, who stood outside the conventional restraints of chronology."〔J.A.S. Evans, "What Happened to Croesus?" ''The Classical Journal'' 74.1 (October 1978:34-40) examines the legend and the date 547 BC.〕
==Legendary biography==
Aside from a poetical account of Croesus on the pyre in Bacchylides (composed for Hiero of Syracuse, who won the chariot race at Olympia in 468), there are three classical accounts of Croesus: Herodotus presents the Lydian accounts〔Herodotus credits his Lydian sources for the fall of Croesus in ''Histories'' 1.87.〕 of the conversation with Solon (''Histories'' 1.29-.33), the tragedy of Croesus' son Atys (''Histories'' 1.34-.45) and the fall of Croesus (''Histories'' 1.85-.89); Xenophon instances Croesus in his panegyric fictionalized biography of Cyrus: ''Cyropaedia'', 7.1; and Ctesias, whose account〔Lost: what survives is a meager epitome by Photius.〕 is also an encomium of Cyrus.
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