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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Cronartium ： ウィキペディア英語版 Cronartium ''Cronartium'' is a genus of rust fungi in the family Cronartiaceae. They are heteroecious rusts with two alternating hosts, typically a pine and a flowering plant, and up to five spore stages. Many of the species are plant diseases of major economic importance, causing significant damage. ;Species, hosts and natural distribution *''Cronartium appalachianum'': ''Pinus virginiana'', Santalaceae. Eastern North America. *''Cronartium arizonicum'': ''Pinus ponderosa'' and related pines, Scrophulariaceae. Western North America. *''Cronartium comandrae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Santalaceae. North America. *''Cronartium comptoniae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Myricaceae. North America. *''Cronartium conigenum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Fagaceae. Southwestern North America. *''Cronartium flaccidum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', several families. Europe, Asia. *''Cronartium occidentale'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Ducampopinus'', Saxifragaceae. Southwestern North America. *''Cronartium orientale'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'' Quercus. Japan. *''Cronartium quercuum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Fagaceae. North America, Asia. *''Cronartium ribicola'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Strobus'', Grossulariaceae. Europe, Asia. *''Cronartium stalactiforme'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Scrophulariaceae. North America. *''Cronartium strobilinum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Fagaceae. Southeastern North America. Some of the species have been introduced accidentally outside of their natural ranges, notably ''C. ribicola'' into North America, where it is an invasive species causing heavy mortality in several pines which have little or no resistance to it. ==References and external links== * Millar, C. I. & Kinloch, B. B. (1991). Taxonomy, phylogeny, and coevolution of pines and their stem rusts. Pp. 1-38 in: Hiratsuka, Y. et al. (1991). ''Rusts of pine. Proceedings of the IUFRO Rusts of Pine Working Party Conference''. Forestry Canada Information Report NOR-X-317. * (Forestry Images: photos of some ''Cronartium'' rusts ) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cronartium」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.